Background. POEMS‑syndrome is a rare lymphoproliferative disease accompanied by progressive polyneuropathy, which is the leading cause of deterioration in the quality of life and death of patients. Inclusion of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto‑HSCT) into the program therapy in somatically safe young patients is considered in order to achieve long and deep hematologic response and prevent disability. In the published literature, there are no data from large studies on the efficacy of auto‑HSCT in the therapy of such patients. Results of long‑term observations in patients who received auto‑HSCT as a consolidation phase of therapy provide an improved understanding of the efficacy of including high‑dose chemotherapy into program treatment.

   Aim. To evaluate the efficacy of auto‑HSCT in the program therapy of patients with pOEMS‑syndrome.

   Materials and methods. The medical records of 687 patients with plasma cell tumors over a 22‑year period (from 2001 to 2023) were retrospectively analyzed. A retrospective, single‑center study included 4 patients with pOEMS‑syndrome who received auto‑HSCT.

   Results. After induction therapy, partial hematologic response (pR) has been achieved in 100 % of cases. According to vascular endothelial growth factor monitoring 2 patients showed pR, and 1 – complete response (CR). In 100 %
of cases, there was a decrease in limb weakness, an increase in the mobility. On the 100^th day of auto‑HSCT hematologic response was deepened to CR in 2 cases, 2 patients retained pR, at long‑term follow‑up – 3 CR and 1 pR. vascular endothelial growth factor response: 2 CR, 1 pR, in 1 case – an increase in marker concentration by 17.5 g / L from the upper limit of normal. On the 100^th day of auto‑HSCT and at long‑term follow‑up (median 25.5 months) all patients showed further improvement of neurologic status on objective examination and electroneuromyography.

   Conclusion. Auto‑HSCT provides high frequency of hematologic response, significantly improvement neurologic status and restoration of patients’ working capacity at long‑term follow‑up. The results of clinical studies, literature data, as well as the results of own observations confirm the efficacy of auto‑HSCT when this method is included into the program therapy of somatically safe young patients with pOEMS‑syndrome.

   Background. Methotrexate (MTX), used in high doses (1000–5000 mg / m²), has proven to be one of the key components of successful therapy for non‑Hodgkin’s lymphomas. However, the flip side of high efficacy is its toxicity. Even adherence to modern guidelines for supportive care, including therapeutic drug monitoring, timely administration of the antidote (calcium folinate), maintaining alkaline blood and urine pH levels, and adequate hydration, does not always prevent the development of methotrexate‑induced organ toxicity. Therefore, further studies of the toxicity spectrum and the identification of potential prognostic factors for organ toxicity remains relevant.

   Aim. To analyze the spectrum of immediate toxic effects of non‑Hodgkin’s lymphomas therapy with high‑dose MTX and to identify possible predictors of toxic events.

   Materials and methods. From 2020 to 2024, 100 pediatric patients (under 18 years old) with primary diagnosed non‑Hodgkin’s lymphomas were enrolled the study and treated according to chemotherapy protocols (ALL IC‑bFM 2009, b‑NHL‑bFM 95, or ALCL‑NII dOG 2003) that included high‑dose MTX. The spectrum and severity of toxic events were analyzed with National Cancer Institute toxicity scales (uSA), and statistical analysis of feature distribution and correlation strength was performed.

   Results. Hepatotoxicity of grades 3–4 was noted in 49 % of patients, nephrotoxicity developed in 1 % and corresponded to grade 3. Hematologic toxicity of grades 1–2 was observed in 8 % of patients, and grades 3–4 – in 92 %. Neurotoxicity developed in 9 % of patients (grade 1 – in 2 %, grade 2 – in 1 %, grade 3 – in 3 %, and grade 4 – in 3 %). Mucositis of grades 3–4 occurred in 30 % of patients. Infectious complications of grades 3–4 developed in 74 % of patients. No cases of treatment timing violation or toxicity‑related death were noted. Delayed methotrexate elimination beyond 54 hours was observed in 30 % of patients. Analyzing the influence of MTx dose on drug elimination and the incidence of toxic effects found that the more MTX dose, the higher incidence of delayed MTX elimination and toxic events incidence.

   Conclusion. The study demonstrated the spectrum of methotrexate‑induced toxicity, including hematologic toxicity, mucositis, hepato‑, nephro‑, neurotoxicity, and infectious complications. delayed drug elimination correlates with increased MTx dose, which, in turn, associated with an increased risk of toxic events.

   The phenomenon of clonal hematopoiesis (CH) has been the subject of intensive research since 2014, facilitated by the development of high‑throughput sequencing technology. with age, the prevalence of CH increases, which is associated with an increased risk of hematological and cardiovascular diseases, as well as with overall mortality. The occurrence of somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem cells is the primary mechanism of CH, as a result of which the balance between cell division and differentiation is disrupted, which leads to the expansion of cell clones with specific genetic changes. The article reviews the concept of CH and its various types, including clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate and tumorigenic potential, as well as associated conditions such as idiopathic cytopenia of undetermined significance, clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance, and idiopathic dysplasia of undetermined significance. Clonal hematopoiesis is defined by the presence of somatic mutations in myeloid‑related genes (commonly DNMT3A, TET2, and ASXL1) in hematopoietic cells, which can be present in both healthy people and patients with hematological neoplasia. The importance of distinguishing between different CH forms depending on their prognostic significance and the potential risk of transformation into malignant neoplasms is emphasized. Mutations associated with CH may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, venous thrombosis, and myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms. In conclusion, the need to develop formalized diagnostic criteria and predictive models for risk stratification in individuals with various CH forms is emphasized, which can significantly affect diagnostic approaches and the possibility of treating these conditions.

   Background. FMS‑like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene mutations are the most frequently detected genetic aberrations in adult patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML), identified in approximately 30 % of patients. The addition of midostaurin, an FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, to standard therapy and after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‑HSCT) improves overall (OS) and event‑free survival (EFS).

   Aim. To evaluate the effect of adding midostaurin to standard therapy in adult patients with FLT3‑mutated AML. To evaluate the impact of allo‑HSCT performed in first complete remission on the survival of patients treated in combination with midostaurin.

   Materials and methods. The study enrolled 276 patients with newly diagnosed AML with FLT3 mutation. 153 of them received combination therapy with midostaurin, 123 – first‑line therapy without FLT3 inhibitors. In the combination therapy group allo‑HSCT in first complete remission was performed in 35 (22.9 %) patients.

   Results. The response rate was higher in the combination therapy group and was 84 % versus 66 % in the control group (p < 0.01). with a median follow‑up of 19 (2–130) months, the median OS was not achieved in both groups. The 18‑month OS was 60 % (95 % confidence interval (CI) 50–69) in the midostaurin group and 53 % (95 % CI 43–61) without it (p = 0.12). Median EFS was 11.6 months (95 % CI 9.1–13.8) and 6.7 months (95 % CI 4.2–10.2) respectively (p = 0.046). The 18‑month EFS was 33 % (95 % CI 24–42) and 31 % (95 % CI 23–40). In multivariate analysis, factors associated with worse EFS were older age and FLT3 internal tandem duplication. Age, leukocytosis at the time of diagnosis, and the presence of unfavorable cytogenetic abnormalities had a negative effect on EFS. Midostaurin therapy was associated with EFS improvement. In a landmark analysis with a 6‑month time point, OS was 89 % (95 % CI 69–96) in the allo‑HSCT group versus 38 % without it (95 % CI 20–55) (p = 0.002). EFS was 75 % (95 % CI 50–88) and 13 % (95 % CI 5–26), respectively (p <0.001).

   Conclusion. The addition of midostaurin to standard treatment contributes to an increased response rate and improved survival in patients with FLT3‑mutated AML. Allo‑HSCT in first complete remission remains the preferred option for remission consolidation in patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

   Diffusion‑weighted magnetic resonance imaging may provide an alternative to traditional methods such as computed tomography and positron emission tomography / computed tomography with ¹⁸F‑fluorodeoxyglucose. The article analyzes not only the advantages of the method, but also the disadvantages and pitfalls that a diagnostician has to face. data from own studies on the use of whole‑body diffusion‑weighted magnetic resonance imaging in patients with lymphomas are presented.

   In consequence of the development of modern chemotherapy protocols, the prognosis for children with acute leukemia(AL) has significantly improved, which has allowed achieving high survival rates. However, despite these achievements, relapses and refractory course of AL are not uncommon. Extramedullary relapses with the kidneys, gonads, soft tissues, central nervous system and eyes involvement are especially difficult to diagnose. Clinical manifestations of eye involvement in AL can be represented by decreased vision, swelling of the optic disc, exophthalmos, due to infiltration of the optic nerve and intraorbital tissues by leukemic blasts. The alertness of pediatric oncologists and ophthalmologists regarding the possibility of AL relapses with eye localization should determine the scope of examination, including MRI, retinal camera examination, spinal tap and morphological and immunological verification of the pathological process. unfortunately, intraocular AL relapses currently often have an extremely poor prognosis.

   Plasma cell leukemia is a rare, aggressive disease characterized by clonal proliferation of plasma cells, having many features of both plasma cell neoplasms and acute leukemia. despite significant changes in therapeutic approaches, the prognosis for this disease remains unfavorable. The article describes a case of primary plasma cell leukemia in a 62‑year‑old patient who did not respond to the VCD induction program (bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, dexamethasone). Given the presence of t(11;14), a highly selective Bcl‑2 inhibitor, venetoclax, was included in the therapy regimen (ven‑vd regimen). After 3 cycles of venetoclax‑based induction, a very good partial remission was achieved. Then high‑dose MEL200 chemotherapy, autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and 2 cycles of ven‑vd consolidation were implemented, achieving a complete response. MRD‑ negativity (10^–5) was confirmed by flow cytometry on bone marrow aspirate at 2 time points. The remission duration at the time of publication was 24 months. The patient continues to receive maintenance therapy with lenalidomide.

   Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a highly aggressive non‑Hodgkin’s lymphoma that characterizes by affecting multiple organs and systems, which explains the diagnosis of the disease at an advanced stage upon the patient’s first medical visit. Heart involvement as part of bL dissemination is extremely rare (2–5 %), but significantly impacts the clinical course, treatment and follow‑up. Heart involvement in bL can manifest as pericardial effusion, myocardial dysfunction or subsequent development of cardiogenic shock. diagnostics of BL with heart involvement should include electrocardiography, echocardiography, N‑terminal fragment of the brain natriuretic propeptide (NT‑proBNP) blood level, myocardial damage markers (troponin I / T), and, if necessary, can include more high‑precision methods – magnetic resonance / computed tomography with intravenous contrast. Timely diagnosis and programmed treatment with rituximab can achieve long‑term survival for BL patients, including advanced stages with heart involvement.

   Background. There is little information about ophthalmological manifestations of myelofibrosis (MF), their dependence on hematological, morphological, genetic parameters, and eye damage during therapy, and there are no publications on eye changes during targeted therapy.

   Aim. To study the spectrum and frequency of ophthalmological manifestations of primary, post‑polycythemic, post‑thrombocythemic MF at the diagnosis and during therapy.

   Materials and methods. A prospective single‑center controlled study included 128 people: 98 patients with primary, post‑polycythemic, post‑thrombocythemic MF in the chronic phase (17 at onset, 30 long‑term receiving hydroxycarbamide, 51 long‑term receiving ruxolitinib), observed at the botkin Hospital and 30 healthy participants of the control group. Ophthalmological and genetic studies were conducted.

   Results. It has been established that ophthalmologic manifestations accompany MF already at the onset of the disease: significantly higher frequency of retinal angiopathy and angioretinopathy, decreased retinal sensitivity in the macular area, remodeling of the foveolar avascular zone (increased perimeter, decreased circumference index), low vascular and perfusion density of the retina, choroid and optic disc, decreased thickness of the subfoveolar choroid compared with the control group. Ruxolitinib MF therapy is safe for the visual organ according to the assessed parameters and has a positive therapeutic effect compared with MF onset and hydroxycarbamide therapy: such patients demonstrated smaller perimeter of the foveolar avascular zone, higher vascular and perfusion density of the retina, choroid and optic disc. There was a statistically significant association between an increased frequency of retinal angiopathy and angioritinopathy with a platelet count less than 100 × 10⁹ / L, erythrocytes less than 3.7 × 10¹² / L, hemoglobin level less than 100 g / L, high degree of fibrosis (MF‑3), presence of the JAK2 v617F mutation; the increased frequency of angiopathy associated with the leukocyte count less than 4.0 × 10⁹ / L and more than 9.0 × 109 / L, erythrocytes more than 5.1 × 10¹² / L, high risk according to DIPSS (Dynamic International Prognostic Scoring System). Vascular and perfusion density of the choriocapillary layer in patients at the onset of primary MF significantly correlated with the level of platelets and hemoglobin.

   Conclusion. The conducted search for ophthalmological manifestations on a large cohort of MF patients at the onset and during therapy is largely innovative and requires further research, and also confirms the need to include a consultation with an ophthalmologist in the examination algorithm for MF patients.

   Background. Haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo‑HSCT) represents an important alternative for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who lack an HLA‑matched donor. However, the high incidence of primary graft failure remains a significant challenge. Optimizing transplantation strategies, including the selection of the graft source and modification of conditioning regimens, may improve haplo‑HSCT outcomes.

   Aim. To evaluate the results of haplo‑HSCT in AML patients in first remission, focusing on engraftment rates and the factors influencing them.

   Materials and methods. Seventy‑three AML patients in first remission who underwent haplo‑HSCT between 2015 and 2024 were included in the study. Engraftment was defined as achieving an absolute neutrophil count of ≥ 0.5 × 10⁹ / L and a leukocyte count of ≥ 1 × 10⁹ / L for three consecutive days and was assessed using cumulative incidence functions with death as a competing event.

   Results. The engraftment rate was 80.8 % (95 % confidence interval (CI) 69.5–88.3) with a median time of 20 (15–31) days. A higher probability of engraftment was associated with the use of peripheral blood stem cells as the graft source (hazard ratio (HR) 2.62; 95 % CI 1.5–4.58; p < 0.001), myeloablative conditioning (HR 2.29; 95 % CI 1.17–4.45; p = 0.015), a higher Cd34+ cell count in the graft (HR 1.17; 95 % CI 1.05–1.31; p = 0.004), pre‑transplant biological therapy (HR 2.28; 95 % CI 1.33–3.91; p = 0.003), and the inclusion of bendamustine in the conditioning regimen (HR 2.32; 95 % CI 1.33–4.03; p = 0.003). Moreover, the use of peripheral blood stem cells, myeloablative conditioning, and bendamustine significantly reduced the time to engraftment (p = 0.016; p = 0.017; and p = 0.033, respectively). An increased level of Cd34+ cells in the graft correlated with faster engraftment (R = –0.34; p = 0.009). The engraftment rate after a second transplantation was 55.6 % (95 % CI 16.9–82.3).

   Conclusion. Haplo‑HSCT remains an important therapeutic option for AML patients in first remission, although its efficacy is limited by the risk of primary graft failure. The use of peripheral blood stem cells, myeloablative conditioning regimens, and modified protocols incorporating bendamustine enhances the probability of engraftment. Of additional interest is the observed positive effect of preceding venetoclax‑based biological therapy. despite the high risk of transplant‑related mortality, a second transplantation appears to be an optimal strategy in cases of primary graft failure.

   Background. Cd44 molecule is overexpressed on tumor‑associated cells, including stem cells, in the tumor microenvironment, which in most cases is a poor prognostic marker for the tumor progression. In addition, the pd‑L1 molecule positively correlates with Cd44, which is associated with resistance to antitumor therapy, so these markers are perspective targets for both diagnostics and therapy of oncological diseases.

   Aim. To determine the expression of checkpoint molecules and Cd44 during co‑cultivation of tumor and hematopoietic stem cells under various conditions.

   Materials and methods. Cd34+ hematopoietic stem cells (n = 10) and tumor lines 1301, K562 and SK‑mel37 were used for this study. Samples labeled with monoclonal antibodies to Cd44, pd‑L1 and pd‑1 were analyzed by flow cytometry.

   Results. The expression of molecules was different with co‑culturing of hematopoietic stem cells with several types of tumors, so the number of Cd34+Cd44+ cells was 3 times lower in the group with SK‑mel37 compared to leukemia 1301 and K562 (the median was 7.1; 22.4 and 22.7, respectively). In addition, the expression of the pd‑L1 molecule on SK‑mel37 was significantly higher than on other tumor cells (p < 0.05).

   Conclusion. It is necessary to study the patterns of change not only in the expression of these molecules, but also in co‑expression depending on the type and conditions of cells interaction with each other.

   Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia is a lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, the morphological substrates of which are b‑lymphocytes, proplasmocytes, and plasma cells. The world Health Organization recommends multicolor flow cytometry with analysis of markers such as IgM, Cd19, Cd20, Cd22, Cd25, Cd10, Cd23, Cd103, Cd138, for diagnosing this disease. Based on international and our own experience, we recommend that tumor b‑lymphocytes and plasma cells be analyzed separately for the diagnosis of waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, since the immunophenotypic profile of these populations differs. In diagnostics, this approach provides a more complete understanding of various subpopulations contribution, and when monitoring minimal residual disease, it helps to detect the tumor clone, which after therapy is predominantly represented by plasma cells. we recommend using antibodies to surface and intracellular markers such as Cd138, Cd38, Cd19, Cd45, Cd20, Cd22, Cd27 cytκ, cytλ and cytIgM for immunophenotypic testing of waldenstrom macroglobulinemia.

   Immunophenotypic features of plasma cells (pC) in patients with systemic AL‑amyloidosis (AL‑A) are not fully characterized. The bone marrow of 113 patients with first diagnosed systemic AL‑A was studied by 10‑color flow cytofluorimetry. Three densities of differentiation antigen expression were distinguished: negative – less than 10 % of aberrant cells expressed antigen, partial – 10–90 % of cells expressed antigen, positive – more than 90 % of cells expressed antigen. Patients were divided into three groups. Group 1 included 76 patients with AL‑A and a PC count of less than 10 %. The second group consisted of 25 patients with a PC count greater than 10 % but without evidences of symptomatic multiple myeloma. The third group included 12 patients with a PC count greater than 10 % and symptomatic CRAb (AL‑A combined with multiple myeloma). 75 patients received first‑line therapy, including bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone. When comparing the immunophenotype of aberrant PCs of each individual patient by means of a heat map, no complete match was found in any case, which confirms the uniqueness of clonal PC biology and their high heterogeneity. It was found that aberrant PCs lost expression of CD19 in 95.6 % of cases, CD45 in 78.6 % of patients, CD81 in 37.5 %, and CD27 in 36 %. CD20 was expressed in 7.7 % of patients, CD56 in 48.2 %, and CD117 in 36.8 %. A positive but low (dim) density of CD38 expression was detected in 45 % of patients. There were no statistically significant differences in the expression profile of CD19, CD20, CD27, CD38, CD45, CD56, CD117, CD138, CD200, and CD319 between the patient groups. The frequency of CD269 (bCMA) expression on pC varied depending on the size of the morphologic substrate. Partial expression of Cd269 (bCMA) was detected in 46.7 % of patients in group 1; 84.7 % in group 2 and 100 % in group 3 (p = 0.02). No positive, including high, Cd269 expression, was detected in any AL‑A patient in all three groups. A negative correlation of CD27 expression with the depth of hematologic response on therapy with bortezomib was established: in the absence of CD27 expression, a deep hematologic response was achieved in 87.5 % of cases, and with positive expression of this marker in only 35 % of patients (p = 0.02).

   Aim. To assess efficacy of netupitant / palonosetron with dexamethasone for chemotherapy‑induced nausea and vomiting in 20 patients with multiple myeloma who underwent autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

   Materials and methods. The inclusion criteria were patients aged ≥18 years with a diagnosis of multiple myeloma, eligible for transplantation and a favorable response (according to the International Myeloma working Group criteria after induction therapy). Netupitant / palonosetron was administered at a dose of 1 capsule (300 mg netupitant; 0.5 mg palonosetron) 1 h before the start of chemotherapy conditioning (day –3) and dexamethasone was administered at day – 3 (12 mg), day – 2…0 (8 mg). Intravenous metoclopramide 10 mg was used as a rescue antiemetic when needed. Patients were evaluated every day for up to 12 days after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The primary endpoint was the rate of complete response (no emesis and no rescue medication during 120 h after conditioning). Secondary endpoints were defined as the rate of complete response during the acute phase (0–24 h) and delayed phase (25–120 h) from the start of high‑dose melphalan. The safety of combination was also evaluated. 20 patients were included. The median age was 53.5 (37–67) years.

   Results. Netupitant / palonosetron with dexamethasone prophylaxis showed a high efficacy in preventing chemotherapy‑induced nausea and vomiting during the high‑dose melphalan conditioning period. The primary outcome was largely achieved with a complete response observed in 14 (70 %) patients at 120 h. The complete response rate during the acute phase was 70 % (n = 14). during the delayed phase, the complete response rate was 95 % (n = 19). Grade 1 nausea and vomiting were experienced by 70 % of the patients, grade 2 – by 30 % of patients. No patients had grade 3–4 nausea or vomiting. Intravenous metoclopramide 10 mg was used in 30 % (6 patients).

   Conclusion. Firstly in Russia we assess efficacy of netupitant / palonosetron with dexamethasone for chemotherapy‑induced nausea and vomiting in 20 patients with multiple myeloma who received high‑dose melphalan for autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

   Background. One of the most common causes of peripheral neuropathy in multiple myeloma patients is bortezomib‑induced peripheral neuropathy (bIpN), which is clinically characterized by paresthesia, a burning sensation, numbness, and primarily pain in the limbs. This pain syndrome is often associated with the development of anxiety and depression.

   Aim. To study the pain syndrome associated with BIPN and determine the relationship between mental disorders and pain descriptors in patients with multiple myeloma at the completion stage of induction therapy and after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto‑HSCT).

   Materials and methods. From January 2023 to April 2024 a prospective study was conducted to examine pain and its relationship with psychopathological manifestations. The study included 48 patients (38 women and 10 men, median age 54 years) with multiple myeloma and diagnosed bIpN. pain syndrome and psychometric indicators were assessed using various validated algometric and psychometric techniques during hospitalization before auto‑HSCT and on day 100 after transplantation. Electroneuromyography was performed at the same time for an objective assessment of the studied parameters.

   Results. BIPN was diagnosed in 32 % of patients. pain intensity ranged from minimal to unbearable, With higher BIPN severity correlating with more vivid and diverse descriptions of the pain syndrome. pain localized in the fingers and toes predominated in 58 % of patients. The use of the pain detect questionnaire and the visual Analog Scale allowed for a detailed evaluation of changes in pain syndrome, revealing a statistically significant reduction in pain intensity 100 days after auto‑HSCT (p < 0.05). A control electroneuromyography conducted 100 days after auto‑HSCT confirmed
partial or complete restoration of nerve fibers functional state. Based on the beck Anxiety and depression Inventory questionnaires completed by patients with pronounced pain syndrome, anxiety symptoms were identified in 6 cases (18 %), and depressive states in 8 cases (24 %). A study of patients’ psycho‑emotional states 100 days after auto‑HSCT showed a reduction in the frequency and severity of depressive states. However, unlike depression, anxiety persisted in the same patients.

   Conclusion. The conducted study, which testifies to the presence and persistence of psychoemotional disorders in a number of patients, indicates the need for a comprehensive approach to treatment, including not only pain therapy, but also psychoemotional support.

   Background. Cancer and its treatment result in late effects of therapy. Some of them reduce the children quality of life and may affect their academic performance at school. One of such disorders, which 70–90 % of children who have survived cancer complain about, is visual‑motor dysfunctions.

   Aim. To assess visual‑motor functions among children who have survived cancer.

   Materials and methods. The study was conducted between September 2023 and September 2024. The study involved 105 children: 39 children who survived central nervous system tumors (23 (60 %) children with medulloblastoma and 16 (40 %) children with astrocytoma); 31 who survived acute lymphoblastic leukemia; 35 patients in the control group of healthy children. The average age of children was 12.2 (7–17) years.

   Results. A statistically significant decrease in scores of visual‑motor functions, compared with the control group, was found in children who had survived central nervous system tumors (p < 0.01) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (p < 0.01). In addition, the higher the score on the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v.4.3 toxicity scale,
the lower the scores of visual‑motor functions (p < 0.01). In all study groups of children there was an increase in scores with age (p < 0.01) – the older the child, the higher the scores.

   Conclusion. Statistically significant impairments of visual‑motor functions were revealed in children who survived central nervous system tumors and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. These declines can later have a negative impact on learning, so they require additional rehabilitation measures aimed at restoring visual‑motor functions.

   Background. The study of machine learning methods, a branch of artificial intelligence science, is relevant for the development of optimal screening strategies, identification of risk groups, and application of less expensive and more accessible laboratory tests to assess the body iron status.

   Aim. To select an appropriate artificial intelligence algorithm for predicting serum ferritin (SF) levels and to evaluate its applicability for differential diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia and anemia of chronic diseases.

   Materials and methods. A dataset of 9771 patients with micro‑normocytic anemia was used to create the model. On the basis of demographic data (gender and age), clinical blood count, C‑reactive protein level and known SF level, a regression model was developed to calculate the expected SF concentration in a particular patient and, using the same parameters, a classification model to determine the SF level group to which the patient belongs: I – < 15 μg / L; II – 15–100 μg / L; III – 100–300 μg / L; Iv – ≥ 300 μg / L.

   Results. As a result, the regression model has moderate predictive ability (R² = 0.70; median absolute error was 10.7 μg / L), the correlation coefficient between known and predicted SF level was r = 0.854 (p < 0.05). The obtained classification model has high diagnostic accuracy for different clinical groups according to the SF level (AuC ROC was 0.91; 0.79; 0.84; 0.90 and 0.96; 0.76; 0.71; 0.82 for patients with reduced hemoglobin levels in women (< 120 g / L) and men (< 130 g / L) in groups I, II, III, Iv, respectively).

   Conclusion. Prediction of SF level using the developed models can be used as an accurate and clinically relevant tool for differential diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia (predicted SF is decreased (< 100 μg / L), C‑reactive protein is normal) and anemia of chronic diseases (predicted SF is normal or increased (>100 μg / L), C‑reactive protein is increased) in real medical practice.