Treatment results of children and adolescents with Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) treated at the Russian Children Clinical Hospital (Moscow) was described. 47 children and adolescents with HL were treated by modified DAL-HD-90 protocol. 45 (95.74 %) patients achieved remission. With a median follow-up time of 57.6 month 6-years overall, event-free and relapse-free survival were 95 ± 3, 91 ± 4 and 95 ± 3 %, respectively. The age 14 years and older and the 2 type nodular sclerosis of Hodgkin’s lymphoma were the poor prognostic factors.

   Lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) is one of predominant childhood non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) subtypes and consists 25—30 %.

   The study purpose was to investigate outcomes in children and adolescents with LBL treated with protocol NHL-BFM-90 and 95 in the Moscow region.

   58 primary patients (m–40, f–18) with T- and B-LBL were enrolled from 05. 1991 to 08. 2008 (aged 1.5–21.6 years; median 11.0 years). Fifty-two (90 %) patients were treated with ALL-like therapy protocol NHL-BFM-90 or 95 for non-B-NHL and 6 (10 %) — NHL-BFM-90 for B-NHL. The complete response (CR) rate was 94 and 83 %, respectively. 5-years event-free survival (5y-EFS) was 0.80 ± 0.06 (median of observation 4.1 years) and 0.67 ± 0.19 (5.1 years), respectively (p > 0.05). 5-years overall survival (5y-OS) was 0.85 ± 0.05 and 0.80 ± 0.06 respectively (p > 0.05). The situation without mediastinal involvement was a factor unfavorable prognosis for T-LBL: 5y-EFS — 0.56 ± 0.17 vs. 0.90 ± 0.05 (p = 0.036). Thus the NHL-BFM-90 and 95 for non-B-NHL protocols are effective therapeutic regimes for pediatric LBL and obtained long-term results are comparable with international data.

   Now there is a problem of timely diagnostics of malignant lymphoms as a result of expressed polymorphism of the visual picture frequently accepted for a cancer and other stomach diseases.
   Study objective. Increase of diagnostic efficacy of lymphomas and carcinoma of stomach using endosonographic method.
   Methods. The work was based on examination and treatment data of 29 patients with various macroscopical types of lymphoma and carcinoma of the stomach. To all patients intracavitary scanning and tumor biopsy was carried out after a video gastroscopy.
   Results. After visual examination in 8 (27.6%) observations we could not diagnose with full reliance a stomach lymphoma. Endosonography in 3 (10.3 %) cases signs of stomach lymphoma with typical thickening of submucosal layer was revealed. At 3 (10.3 %) patients were detected ultrasonic characteristics of infiltrative cancer, were visualised the hypoechogenic homogeneous mass which is starting with a mucosa, infiltrate submucosal and muscular layers that the differentiation of these layers has been completely disturbed. Only in 2 (6.9 %) cases among all patients we could not detail the diagnosis. Thus, endosonographic examination in 6 (20.7 %) patients of this group has specified the visual diagnosis, and in 21 (72.4 %) patient — has confirmed. Results was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Diagnostic value analysis of visual and endosonographic method in lymphoma revealing has shown significant superiority of the last. Its sensitivity 12 % over than visual endoscopic method, diagnostic accuracy — on 6.8 % above.

   In present article comparative efficacy analysis of two conceptually various acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) chemotherapy programs from 18. 04. 2002 till 01. 01. 2007 aimed at definition of optimum ALL chemotherapy strategy in children is presented. To obtain an ultimate correct analysis  patients data bases from Moscow and St.-Petersburg oncohematology departments have been united to the subsequent carrying out of meta-analysis. 292 primary patients are included in this analysis from ALL-MB-2002 group and 126 patients from COALL-St.Petersburg-92 group aged from 4 months to 18 years. Analysis of treatment results dynamics in ALL patients received COALL-St.Petersburg-92 protocol for 2 periods: from 01. 01. 1999 till 18. 04. 2002 and from 18. 04. 2002 till 01. 01. 2007 is also presented. Detailed comparison of two chemotherapy programs efficacy has not found any statistically significant differences concerning such factors, as complete remission rate, early death rate and relapse rate, and as number of children who are in continuous complete remission. Event-free survival (EFS) in both groups was 78 ± 3 and 78 ± 4 %, respectively (р = 0.85). The overall survival (OS) was 80 ± 5 % for patients treated according to ALL-MB-2002 protocol, and 83 ± 4 % for patients receiving COALL-St.Petersburg-92 protocol (р = 0.65). Though comparison of ALL-MB-2002 and COALL-St.Petersburg-92 protocols has shown, that efficacy of both chemotherapy regimens is identical, however such advantages of ALL-MB-2002 protocol as reduced toxicity and greater simplicity in implementation could be crucial for the choice of optimal chemotherapy strategy for childhood ALL in Russia.

   Last years an insufficient attention is given to one of the frequent and serious syndromes accompanying children acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) — hemorrhagic syndrome. Hemostasis correction in children with ALL is poorly differentiated owing to absence of timely hemostasis defects diagnostics. In our study heterogeneity of hemostasis defects in children with ALL received polychemotherapy according to ALL-BFM-90 protocol has been established which allows pathogenetic correction of these defects for the prophylactics and treatment of hemorrhagic and trombotic complications.

   We used the bortezomib (velcade) plus MP (VMP) in 24 previously untreated patients with multiple myeloma (MM). The patients had a median age of 73 years (range, 65–83 years). For patients who received velcade plus MP the overall response rate was 62.4 %. 33.2 % patients achieved complete remission (CR+n-CR). The median duration of the CR was 10.3 months. Side effects were predictable and manageable. The most common adverse events reported were asthenia, neuropathy, neutropenia and anemia. Serious adverse events were rare. These results establish VMP as a new standard of care in elderly untreated patients with multiple myeloma. VMP is highly active and well tolerated in elderly patients (> 75 years) with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.

   Early therapy response is one of the major prognostic factors influencing an outcome of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

   The purpose of the given work was to define a time point (TP) of fusion gene transcript (FGt) monitoring by reverse-transcriptase PCR that clearly predicts outcome in infants with MLL-rearranged ALL, enrolled onto MLL-Baby protocol.

   Molecular remission (cMR) was defined as absence of FGt at nested RT-PCR with sensitivity 1 × 10^–4 or higher confirmed with negative result in the following time point (ТP). Detection of FGt in bone marrow (BM) was performed by qualitative nested RT-PCR on 15^th , 36^th and 43^th days of therapy (TP1-TP3) and also during consolidation/intensification (ТP4-ТP9). Retrospectively, patients were divided into two groups. First group included 14 patients who achieved cMR by TP4, where two relapses occurred. The second group consisted of four MLL-AF4-positive patients, who did not achieve cMR by TP4. In this group there were 3 relapses. Number of relapses was significantly higher in the second group (odds ratio 18.00; 95 % CI: 1.19-271.47; p = 0.044). 6-years event-free survival (EFS) in the first group was 0.84 ± 0.10, in the second group — 0.25 ± 0.21 (p = 0.023). Cumulative incidence of relapse in the first group was 0.15 ± 0.01, in the second group 0.75 ± 0.08 (p = 0.022). Time of cMR achievement did not correlate with any known prognostic factors including therapy response on day 8, 15 and 36. Slow achievement of cMR corresponds to poor outcome in infant ALL with MLL rearrangements. Persistence of FGt at TP4 allows defining patients with high risk of relapse.

   The aim of the study was to assess the main epidemiologic characteristics of cancer in infants in Moscow Region (MR).

   The database of childhood population-based cancer registry of MR served as a data source. 113 cancer cases were revealed during 1990–2008 years that comprised 6 % of all cases of cancer in children 0–14 years old. The male-to-female ratio was 1.2: 1. The incidence rate (IR) of cancer in infants was 9.0 per 100.000 in the retrospective part (1990–2000 years) and 15.4 per 100.000 in prospective part of the study (2001–2008 years). The unique distribution of cancer types in infants compared with children 1–14 years old was shown. The main diagnostic groups of cancer in infants were leukemia — 20 (17.7 %) cases, renal tumors — 19 (16.8 %) cases, neuroblastoma — 17 (15.0 %) cases. The IR of leading cancer types during 1990–2000 years was 1.9 for renal tumors, 1.7 for retinoblastoma and leukemia, during 2001–2008 years IR was 2.7 for leukemia, 2.4 for neuroblastoma, 2.1 for renal tumors. The overall survival (OS) of patients with all types of tumors diagnosed during 2001–2008 was 0.65 ± 0.07 with a median follow-up 29.5 months. The OS of patients with neuroblastoma was 0.91 ± 0,09, renal tumors — 0.67 ± 0,16, CNS tumors — 0.57 ± 0,19, leukemia — 0.33 ± 0,17.