Vol 11, No 4 (2016)

Chronic myeloid malignancies that have characteristics of both the myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative disorders allocated to myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative diseases (MDS/MPD) group in 2008 World Health Organization classification. This group includes chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, atypical chronic myeloid leukemia, refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts and thrombocytosis (RARS-T) and unclassified MDS/MPD. Except RARS-T diseases in this group have similar molecular characteristics and clinical manifestations, which require the study of biology, specific molecular markers, morphological features and a clearer definition of nosology. This review provides information on international guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of MDS/MPD.

ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma is a heterogeneous group of mature T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and is characterized by CD30/Ki-1 expression. Recently, value of various prognostic factors is investigated. These include clinical, histological and molecular genetic changes associated with different signaling pathways activation. Some features of the mechanism of action of anaplastic lymphoma kinases and targeted therapies possibilities addressed in this review.

The review bears on basic principles and technologies of next-generation sequencing (NGS), as well as its applications for detection of gene mutations in leukemic cells. We discuss some novel data concerning NGS approach to studies of genetic heterogeneity in myeloproliferative disorders, detection of high-risk genes, including drug resistance mutations, epigenomic changes associated with leukemias, as well as molecular aspects of clonal evolution. A special section concerns basic problems with bioinformatics and adequate analysis of large digital databases obtained with NGS approach. Optimal choice of appropriate software is of utmost importance for adequate retrieval and interpretation of the NGS data.

Here we describe and qualitatively characterize the distribution of mononuclear cells isolated from bone marrow aspirate of healthy donors and sorted by their surface CD antigens on a cell microarray by morphology (for 11 donors) and by absence or presence of α-naphthyl butyrate esterase and naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase (for 9 donors). These data can be used as a reference for the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia using the cell microarray.