Analysis of treatment results of 165 primary adult patients with diffuse B large-cells lymphoma (DBLCL) treating in Moscow municipal clinics is presented. Study aimed on analysis of efficacy of various dose intensity chemotherapy schedule according to disease molecular genetics variants. 28 adolescents and young adults (median age — 21.7 years) have received treatment according to pediatric BFM-NHL 90m and BFM-NHL 2004M protocols, 46 (median age — 29.0 years) and 91 (median age — 59.5) adults according to courses CHOP and R-CHOP, respectively. It was not randomized study. Germinal and postgerminal variants DBLCL were determined using immunohistochemical technique for 58 (35%) patients with appropriate primary samples. For young patients with germinal DBLCL therapy superiority of intensive BFM-NHL 90m and B-NHL 2004M protocols in relation to postgerminal variants was revealed: 5-years event-free survival (EFS) was 1.0 ± 0.0 (n = 6) versus 0.44 ± 0.15 (n = 9), respectively (p 0.05). Data receiving proves expediency of treatment adolescents and young adults with DBCLC from germinal center cells according to intensity BFM-like protocols.

Comparative retrospective analysis of treatment results of three different chemotherapy protocols - ALL BFM 90m, ALL MB 91 and PECO 92 — in primary ALL patients aged before 18 years, registered in Moscow and St-Petersburg clinics from 01.01.1993 to 01.01.1999 is presented. It has been shown, that treatment results of PECO 92 protocol have appeared much worse, thus, any differences in treatment results for children with ALL between ALL BFM 90m and ALL MB 91 protocols were not revealed. Event-free survival (pEFS) of St-Petersburg' patients, received PECO 92 protocol (60±3%), was significantly worse, in comparison with patients treated according to ALL BFM 90m protocol (74±4%; р=0,0056) and ALL MB 91 protocol (73±4%; р=0,0239). The high incidence of relapses became a main cause of efficacy decreasing. Differences of induction and remission death incidences between three chemotherapy protocols were not revealed. Significant and most expressive EFS differences between PECO-92 and two other protocols were obtained in boys, in a 1—10 age group, and in patients with leukocytes count > 100 000/mm³, in patients with non-T-ALL and in patients with spleen size >4 cm.

Treatment of children with acute leukemia or other malignant neoplasm can be complicated with bleeding, caused by decreased vitamin K-dependent coagulations factors. Administration of prothrombin complex concentrate seems more convenient than transfusion of fresh frozen plasma with regard to volume overload and speed of administration. Recombinant rVIIa has been successfully used in patients with uncontrolled bleeding during surgery, including patients with thrombocytopenia.

Prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukemia receiving intensive chemotherapy is defined as kariotyping anomalies, and mutations of genes responsible for surviving and self-maintenance leukemic cells. In the giving work incidence of mutation involving genes FLT3, c-KIT, NPM1 having prognostic value in adults is analysed. Kynase domain FLT3 mutation in 18 from 83 patients (21.6%) was detected. 2 from 18 patients (11%) achieved complete remission, 5 from 18 patients (27.7%) with FLT3 mutations were refractory to therapy, two patients died from treatment complications, 9 from 18 (50%) relapsed. Only 2 patients (11%) are alive in continuous complete remission. с-KIT mutations detected in 14.2% (2/14 patients), and NPM1 mutations represented allelic polymorphism. Thus, kynase domain FLT3 mutation are prognostic unfavorable.

Autologic and allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) transplantation currently is used in clinical practice for hematopoietic progenitor engraftment acceleration and graft versus host disease prophylactic and treatment. In this literature review data concerning efficacy, safety and technologies of MSC clinical use are analyzed. Biological properties of MSC received in long-term culture and mechanisms of their interaction with other cells are discussed.

^{Cord blood cell composition is a short-lasting delivery stress consequence and is similar on adult G-CSF-mobilized peripheral blood.}

^{G-CSF realizes biological effect by number of secondary messengers, many of which are also natural effectors of stress. In this research comparative characteristics of cell composition, including lymphocytes subpopulations, CD34+ and CD133+ cells, hematopoietic progenitor cells colony-forming activity and mobilizing cytokines concentration (IL-8, MMP-2, MMP-9), between term newborns cord blood and G-CSF-mobilized peripheral blood is shown.}

^{Mobilized cytokines concentration ratio in combination with CD34+ cells count in cord blood and mobilized peripheral blood suggests that delivery stress possibly is not single cause of cord blood features.}

Cancer represents one of the most devastating diseases in children. Development of effective cancer control actions is impossible without existence of accurate system of childhood cancer monitoring. Population-based cancer registries are the backbone of this system allowing estimating incidence, prevalence of childhood cancer and survival at the population level. In present article the international recommendations for population-based cancer registers on data collection and analysis are described.