Therapy results of 61 patients (children and adolescents, 2—17 years of age; a median — 8.76 years) with B-cells non-Hodgkin lymphomas III—IV stage and B-cell acute leukemia (B-NHL/B-ALL), treating according to protocol with polichemotherapy and monoclonal antibodies against B-cell receptor CD20 — rituximab (Mabthera, Hoffmann La Roche) applications, are presented. The protocol consist of cytoreductive phase and 6 polychemotherapy courses, similar to original protocol B-NHL-BFM 90, with exception of decreasing methotrexate dosage in 2 first courses from 5 to 1 g/m2/24 hours. Rituximab — 375 mg/m2 IV — in Day 0 first 4 courses was given.

Four patients have died within first 3 weeks of therapy, 2 were primary refractory patients and 55 patients have achieved complete remissions. There was no case of remission death; relapse has developed only at one patient (neuroleukemia in patient with Burkitt lymphoma). 54 patients (88%) are in continuous complete remission. Overall and event-free survival rate were 0,90±0,04 with median follow-up after therapy ending 34 months (12—53 months). Authors discuss tactics of such combined therapy, features of remission registration, considering that at third of patients, residual mass was long-term detected, and for which assessment besides CT/MRT a positron-emission tomography (PET) and/or a repeated biopsy were done. Also it is possible to conclude that with use of target therapy chemotherapy intensity of such tumors can be reduced. Authors concluded that in cases of target therapy efficacy criteria should be modified, and it is necessary to use as much as possible informative technique to remission control (PET, minimal residual disease assessment with use of molecular-genetic methods).

Efficiency of alemtuzumab (Campath) in 8 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was reported. Patients treated with alemtuzumab or alemtuzumab in combination with fludarabine (FluCam). Therapy response, overall survival and incidence of side effects were estimated. Among 5 patients with primary CLL, therapy response was 100%. Alemtuzumab was high effective in patients with relapsed and refractory CLL too. The main complications were myelosupression and infections. High efficacy of alemtuzumab in CLL therapy was shown.

Our article shows first experience of using capsule endoscopy for examination of small bowel’s lesions in case of radiation therapy and chemotherapy in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma. We try to compare these changes with modern theories of normal tissues response to radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The investigation revealed that more than a half of the patients (58%) had not any clinical symptoms of small bowel iatrogenic lesions, including potentially dangerous late strictures.

Comparative pharmacoeconomic analysis of treatment according to ALL-MB-2002 protocol between two groups of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (n=53) depending on use of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) aiming to infectious complications preventing was conducted. It is shown, that actual protocol cost in group of children treating with IVIG in 1,5 times low (р<0,001). Price reduction of medicamentous treatment in this group of patients occur due to reduction of complications treatment cost, p<0,001. Decreasing time of treatment interruptions in group of patients with IVIG result in severe reduction of hospitalization cost (p<0,001). Application of this drug is more economic because of almost in 2 times reduction cost/efficiency ratio and 1,4 times increasing of additional years of life in ALL patients.

Second malignant neoplasms are the most devastating consequences of anticancer therapy. We have studied the frequency of second malignant neoplasms among children and adolescents in Moscow Region. 10 cases were observed during the years 2000—2008. Longterm survival can be archived in some patients using multimodal treatment.

The treatment of Ph-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has achieved significant progress with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) imatinib. Complete cytogenetic remission is a standard for patients treated in chronic phase. Nevertheless, primary and acquired resistance has been observed in few CML patients. Imatinib resistance in patients is related to heterogeneous mechanisms. The role of the BCR-ABL-related mechanism of imatinib resistance —BCR-ABL gene ampliphication in primary resistant cases was studied. The BCRABL gene ampliphication was established in 18% refractory to imatinib patients. Decreasing probability of complete cytogenetic response was revealed in these cases.

Case report of a patient with simultaneously developed lymphoid and myeloid hemoblastosis is presented. Diagnosis of multiple myeloma and chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis are confirmed by complete blood count, myelogramm, trephinebiopsy, immunohistochemical, cytogenetic, biochemical and radiological examination. Complete remission of multiple myeloma was achieved after 7 courses «VAD» and 11-weeks treatment with recombinant erythropoietin beta with subsequent maintenance therapy courses of bortezomib and reaferon. However, chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis was progressed to acute myeloid leukemia. Disease stabilization was achieved with 3 therapy courses «5+2».

Now mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are more widely applied in different areas of medicine. However, despite requirement for considerable quantities of human MSC for clinical practice, there is restricted information concerning culture conditions optimization required for their production. In present article the literature review, concerning various conditions of MSC extraction and culture, is presented. Influence of culture medium, cells passage density, fetal calf serum presence or absence and other conditions on MSC proliferation is surveyed. Data concerning use of three-dimensional structures and various bioreactors for ex vivo expansion are presented. MSC multilinear differentiation features are surveyed.