This article reviews the problems of morphological and immunohistochemical diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphomas. We compared immunophenotype of B-cell lymphoid neoplasms and their «normal cell» analogs taking into account 4 stages during B-cell differentiation: bone marrow B-cell precursors, mature naive B cells, B cells with follicular differentiation, and postfollicular B cells. We proposed an algorithm of immunohistochemical differential diagnosis.

During 1999-2006, a total of 350 trephine biopsy specimens were evaluated in our department for presence of multiple myeloma. The diagnosis of plasma cell neoplasm was made in 148 cases. In 30% of specimens plasma/myeloma cell count was below 30%, and in 7% - below 10%. Giemsa staining improved detectability of plasma cells. In cases with low plasma cell count immunohistochemistry for CD138 and Ig light chains was able to pick out neoplastic cells and to confirm monoclonality, therefore it was a useful adjunct for morphologic diagnosis. Difficulties in morphological evaluation of trephine biopsies are discussed. It is concluded that the diagnosis of multiple myeloma is based on clinical, laboratory and morphologic data.

We analysed clinical and immunological features of 71 patients with primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma. Disease stages were determined according to Ann Arbor staging system. Immunological type of lymphoma was defined using monoclonal antibodies to T- and B-cell lymphocytic markers, and some other antigens in frozen sections or paraffin embedded biopsies blocks.

Diagnosis of primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma was confirmed by immunomorphologic study in 54 cases or by clinical and morphologic features in 17 cases.

Gender distribution was equal. Median age was 36 (range 16—66) years. B-symptoms were detected in 35%, superior vena cava syndrome — in 42% patients.

Distinctive clinical feature depends on the tumor growth in anterior-superior mediastinum with frequent involvement of lungs, pleura, and pericardium. In some cases we observed involvement of neck, supraclavicular and axillary lymph nodes, soft tissues of chest anterior surface as well as kidney, suprarenal gland and bones.

Immunologic properties were presented by absence of СD10 and CD21 antigens, expression of CD23 in 29% of patients and CD 38 in 56%, absence of expression HLA-DR in 20% patients.

МАСОР-В or R-СНОР regimens may be the first line therapy in this patient population.

Between 1975 and 2005, 566patients (pts) with primary Hodgkin s lymphoma were treated at N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center. We analyzed an influence of treatment programs execution on long-term results based on data of treatment efficacy. Median follow-up period was 58 months (range 5 months — 25 years). Deviations of treatment program were registered in 28,6% of pts in cases of execution of full treatment program at Cancer Research Center. The main part of treatment program was performed at Cancer Research Center and the minority of chemotherapy courses was accomplished domiciliary (40,4% pts). In cases of pts examination, choice of therapy and start of treatment at Cancer Research Center, execution of the main part of course was accomplished domiciliary (63,5% pts).

Even increase for more than 6 weeks of the only one interval significantly resulted to reduction of long-term treatment effect. We observed statistically significant decreased of long-term treatment effect in case of reduction the chemotherapy dimension (dose reduction) to 1/3 from predesigned regimen though after achievement of complete remission as well as cancellation of radiotherapy in combined treatment after achievement of complete remission. All deviations indicated above were revealed in 38,8% pts. An exact adherence to modern treatment programs for pts with Hodgkin's lymphoma facilitate to increase effectiveness of therapy.

This article introduces common data and our experience concerning the treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin anemia (r-HuEPO) in anemic patients with different disorders. We cited as an example some results of Eprex (Janssen-Cilag) therapy for patients with hematologic disorders in Russia. 28 anemic patients treated with Eprex were included in a single center study (CLL 8, lymphomas 2, CIMF 11, MDS 5, AA 2). The majority of patient demonstrated stable increase in hemoglobin levels and erythrocyte counts, improvement of performance status and decrease in transfusion requirements. Erythropoietin was well tolerated. Further studies in order to value long-term effect of Eprex are in progress.

Case report of severe anemia of unknown origin and delayed intravascular hemolysis of transfused blood products in 27 years old female patient with stage IV gastric adenocarcinoma. Article presented diagnostic process with mistakes analysis and literature review.

We describe a patient with primary multiple malignant tumors who experienced exophthalmos with ophthalmoplegia during two weeks. Data of physical examination were typical for orbital malignant tumor. It was suspected a recurrence of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with involvement of orbital tissues, so a diagnostic orbitotomy was performed. According to morphological and immunohistochemial evaluations we diagnosed acute inflammation accomplished urological infection. An active antimicrobial therapy leaded to cessation of orbital inflammation. Follow-up period was 8 months and we did not reveal inflammation recurrence.

Radiological findings were evaluated in 98 patients (pts) with hematologic malignancies treated in Cancer Research Center between 1999 and 2005. We analysed radiological evidences of nonmalignant pulmonary lesions caused by bacteria and fungi at different stages of tumors.

Obtained data shows specified radiological signs typical for every infective agent. The area of destruction with honeycomb changes (like sponge) inside focus or infiltration is the distinctive feature of pulmonary candidiasis. Lung cavities are the signs of pulmonary aspergillosis. The typical symptom of Pneumocystic carinii pneumonia is bilateral subpleural lung infiltrations predominantly in the middle or lower lobes looks like different size areas of “ground-glass” with noncontrast boundary and airless foci of lung tissue.