In this article we present the most up-to-date information about etiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic and treatment principles of primary central nervous system diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. We propose algorithm of diagnosis and treatment based on literature review and own experience. The main methods for diagnosis verification are magneto-resonance tomography and stereotactic biopsy of mass with subsequent histological examination including immune staining. The common first-line therapy regimen is high-dose methotrexate therapy. However long-term prognosis still remains poor. Adverse prognostic factors for therapy response are age > 60 years, multifocal lesions, neurologic symptoms,
previous treated disease. Considerable part of patient have contraindications or high-risk of adverse events for high-dose chemotherapy treatment. Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody has no neurological toxicity with intravenous and intrathecal administrations. Combination therapy with reduced dose methotrexate and monoclonal antibody can be a reasonable treatment alternative for old and disable persons. The further survival improvement would be achieved by patient stratification and using of risk-adapted treatment algorithm. 

Current treatment options for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with imatinib allowed achieving long-term progression-free and overall survival and improved patient quality of life. In cases of imatinib resistance therapy with second-generation tyrosine kinases inhibitors – dasatinib and nilotinib – is also possible. The article represents a literature review evaluating efficacy and toxicity of both drugs and highlighting some of the practical issues of CML treatment after first-line therapy failure.

Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTL) is a rare tumor from αβ mature cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, which primarily affects the subcutaneous adipose tissue and has morphological manifestations similar to panniculitis. SPTL frequency is less than 1 % of all NHL. It occurs in all age groups, but only 19–20 % are patients younger 20 years. Median age of patients is 35–36 years. To date are only a few cases in children described. In this article we described 3 SPTL cases in patients 1, 10 and 17 years old with typical clinical presentation and detailed analysis.

Our study was aimed at identifying of risk factors of venous thrombosis (VT) in children with non-Hodgkin lymphomas. VT episodes were registered in 13 of 174 children treated (7.5 %). Possible impact of morphological type, initial mediastinal involvement, gender, age and use of L-asparaginase as a risk factor of thrombosis development were analyzed. Using multivariate analysis primary mediastinal tumor (OR = 4.73 [CI: 1.42–17.10]) and patient age older than 13 years (OR = 4.3 [CI: 1.19–20.28) were identified as prognostic factors of thrombosis development (р < 0,05).

Characteristics of adverse events of modern antimycotics by organ systems and comparative frequency between different medicines and their groups are presented. The examples of incompatibility of antifungal drugs with other pharmacological groups are discussed. Records of adverse events and drug compatibility will allow the practitioner to prevent and timely cure possible complications, should they arise.

Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a rare (orphan) blood disease. Most frequent manifestations of ITP are purpura, petechiae and bleedings with many patients have either no symptoms or minimal bleedings manifestation. The management of ITP varies widely and must be based on current international recommendations and individual assessment of clinical course. The paper presents the results of interim analysis of clinical course and therapeutic approaches in the Russian register of ITP patients with immune thrombocytopenia and literature review about ITP treatment approaches.

There is an evidence of interaction between the hemostasis system and tumor progression factors. It is known that in addition to the fibrin formation and platelets activation, thrombin can influence many cells function interacting with protease-activating receptors including tumor cells. These receptors are involved in the malignant cell phenotype formation (adhesion, proliferation, proteolysis). Thrombin can also affect angiogenesis by stimulating endothelial cells penetration through basal membrane and its migration with new vessels formation. Furthermore, it can cause the release of main neoangiogenesis promoter – vascular endothelial growth factor. All of the above and many other linkages of coagulation and tumor create a theoretical background of possible affecting tumor by regulation of the coagulation activity. The
promise of this approach is controversial, but there is some clinical and experimental evidence of their effectiveness. The most used group of
drugs for this purpose was heparins. Several retrospective studies have shown a benefit of low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) over unfractionated heparin in cancer patient survival. The appearance of a new heparins group – ultra LMWH are of interest from this point of
view and their possible use in cancer patients. To date bemiparin and semuloparin are used in clinic. Both (bemiparin about 3600 kDa,
semuloparin 3000 kDa) have substancially reduced molecular weight as compared with the smallest of LMWH – enoxaparin (4600 kDa).
Use of bemiparin in patients with small cell lung cancer receiving chemotherapy resulted in increased of 2-year survival rate compared to the control group (68.6 % vs. 29.4 %, p = 0.0042).

The review presented the causes and pathogenesis of anemia in cancer patients. Also anemia negative impact on patients’ quality of life and chemotherapy efficacy and current clinical treatment recommendations with use of erythropoiesis stimulating agents and iron supplements are discussed. Special attention is paid on the effectiveness of modern intravenous iron preparation.