Подходы к диагностике и терапии H3K27M-измененных диффузных срединных глиом у детей: обзор литературы

H3K27M-измененные диффузные срединные глиомы представляют собой наиболее агрессивный тип глиом детского возраста. эти опухоли характеризуются поражением срединных структур центральной нервной системы, диффузным инфильтративным ростом и фатальным прогнозом. В основе патогенеза H3K27M-измененных диффузных срединных глиом лежат уникальные эпигенетические и генетические изменения, ассоциированные с альтерациями вариантов гистона 3 (H3). клиническая картина неспецифична, что может затруднять своевременную постановку диагноза и определяет высокую частоту распространенных форм заболевания. В диагностике данного типа глиом используется нейровизуализация, а также различные методы лабораторной и молекулярной диагностики, включая высокопроизводительное секвенирование, что позволяет оценить наличие потенциальных мишеней для направленной терапии. Несмотря на доступность противоопухолевых технологий, включая таргетную и иммунотерапию, стандартом лечения H3K27M-измененных диффузных срединных глиом остается лучевая терапия, которая не позволяет достигать длительной бессобытийной выживаемости. Неблагоприятный прогноз и ограниченность куративных опций данного типа опухоли обусловливают необходимость поиска новых методов лечения, способных увеличить выживаемость пациентов этой группы. В статье представлены современные данные мировой литературы по диагностике и трендам в лечении H3K27M-измененных диффузных срединных глиом у детей.

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