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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Oncohematology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Oncohematology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкогематология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8346</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-4023</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">978</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8346-2024-19-4-108-114</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEW DIRECTIONS, DIAGNOSTIC OPPORTUNITIES, AND TREATMENT ADVANCES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НОВЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ, ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ДИАГНОСТИКИ И УСПЕХИ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Clinical and prognostic significance of T-regulatory cells and CD28 expression on T-lymphocytes in patients with immune thrombocytopenia</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клинико-прогностическая значимость Т-регуляторных клеток и экспрессии CD28 на Т-лимфоцитах у больных иммунной тромбоцитопенией</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4393-1759</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chuksina</surname><given-names>Yu. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чуксина</surname><given-names>Ю. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Yulia Yuryevna Chuksina,</bold></p><p>61/2 Shchepkina St., Moscow 129110;</p><p>Build. 1, 1 Novogireevskaya St., Moscow 111123</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Юлия Юрьевна Чуксина,</bold></p><p>129110 Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61/2;</p><p>111123 Москва, ул. Новогиреевская, 1, корп. 1</p></bio><email>tchuxina2009@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2847-4374</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharov</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захаров</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>61/2 Shchepkina St., Moscow 129110</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>129110 Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61/2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7493-0030</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mitina</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Митина</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>61/2 Shchepkina St., Moscow 129110</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>129110 Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61/2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6618-0707</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khmelevskaya</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хмелевская</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Build. 1, 1 Novogireevskaya St., Moscow 111123</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>111123 Москва, ул. Новогиреевская, 1, корп. 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">M.F. Vladimirskiy Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ МО «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ г. Москвы «Московский клинический научно-практический центр им. А.С. Логинова Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>108</fpage><lpage>114</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-10"><day>10</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-12-10"><day>10</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/978">https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/978</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background</bold>. The leading role in the control of the immune response and peripheral tolerance is played by T-regulatory cells, as well as costimulatory molecules C28 on T-lymphocytes, which are necessary for effective activation. While T-regulatory cells in immune thrombocytopenia (IT) are actively studied in order to find an effective influence on their functions, publications on the study of costimulation processes in this disease are quite rare. Given the pronounced immunosuppressive effect of glucocorticosteroids (GCS) used in the treatment of patients with IT, it seems particularly relevant to study the role of T-regulatory cells and the expression features of costimulatory C28 molecules on T-lymphocytes to expand our understanding of the disease pathogenesis and justify new approaches to treating patients in real clinical practice.</p><p><bold>Aim</bold>. To evaluate the clinical and prognostic significance of T-regulatory cells and C28 expression on peripheral blood T-lymphocytes in patients with newly diagnosed IT and resistant to GCS therapy.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>. The content of T-regulatory cells and C28 expression features on peripheral blood T-lymphocytes were studied by flow cytometry in 18 patients with newly diagnosed IT and 19 patients resistant to GCS therapy. Thirty healthy individuals were examined as a control group.</p><p><bold>Results</bold>. A significant (p ˂ 0.05) decrease in the content of classical T-regulatory cells (C4<sup>+</sup>C25<sup>+hi</sup>C127<sup>–</sup>) was revealed both in patients with newly diagnosed IT and in those resistant to GCS, while no significant differences were found in C8<sup>+</sup>C28<sup>–</sup> peripheral T-regulatory cells level in patients with IT of both groups compared to healthy individuals. In patients with IT of both groups, a significant increase in the proportion of T-helper (p &lt; 05; p ˂ 01, respectively) and cytotoxic C8<sup>+</sup> (p ˂ 0.05; p ˂ 0.01, respectively) T-lymphocytes expressing C28 was found compared to normal values. The level of T-helper lymphocytes (C4<sup>+</sup>C28<sup>–</sup>) was 2 times higher in the group of patients with resistance to GCS compared to newly diagnosed IT patients, and 3.5 times higher compared to healthy individuals.</p><p><bold>Conclusion</bold>. T-regulatory cells and expression of C28 costimulatory molecules play an important role in the immunopathogenesis of IT. A significant increase in the content of the C4<sup>+</sup>C28<sup>null</sup> lymphocyte population (C4<sup>+</sup>C28<sup>–</sup>) in the peripheral blood of IT patients can be a prognostic criterion for GCS resistance, which may require a revision of the treatment strategy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. Ведущую роль в контроле иммунного ответа и периферической толерантности играют Трегуляторные клетки, а также костимулирующие молекулы C28 на Тлимфоцитах, необходимые для эффективной активации. Если Трегуляторные клетки при иммунной тромбоцитопении (ИТ) активно изучаются в целях поиска эффективного влияния на их функции, то исследования процессов костимуляции при данном заболевании достаточно редки. С учетом выраженного иммуносупрессивного действия применяемых в лечении больных ИТ глюкокортикостероидов (ГС) особенно актуально изучение роли Трегуляторных клеток и особенностей экспрессии костимулирующих молекул C28 на Тлимфоцитах для расширения представлений о патогенезе заболевания и обоснования новых подходов к лечению пациентов в реальной клинической практике.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – оценить клинико-прогностическую значимость Т-регуляторных клеток и экспрессии C28 на Т-лимфоцитах периферической крови у больных впервые выявленной ИТ и имеющих резистентность к терапии ГС.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. Исследовано содержание Т-регуляторных клеток и особенностей экспрессии C28 на Т-лимфоцитах периферической крови методом проточной цитометрии у 18 пациентов с впервые выявленной ИТ и у 19 пациентов, имеющих резистентность к терапии ГС. В качестве контрольной группы обследованы 30 практически здоровых лиц.</p><p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Выявлено значимое (р ˂ 0,05) снижение содержания классических Т-регуляторных клеток (C4<sup>+</sup>C25<sup>+hi</sup>C127<sup>−</sup>) как у больных впервые выявленной ИТ, так и имеющих резистентность к ГС, в то время как не получено существенных различий в уровне периферических Т-регуляторных клеток с фенотипом C8<sup>+</sup>C28<sup>–</sup> у больных ИТ обеих групп по сравнению с практически здоровыми лицами. пациентов с ИТ обеих групп обнаружено выраженное увеличение доли Т-хелперных (р ˂ 0,05; р ˂ 0,01 соответственно) и цитотоксических C8<sup>+</sup> Т лимфоцитов (р ˂ 0,05; р ˂ 0,01 соответственно), экспрессирующих C28, по сравнению с нормальными показателями. Уровень Т-хелперных лимфоцитов (C4<sup>+</sup>C28<sup>–</sup>) был в 2 раза выше в группе пациентов с резистентностью к ГС по сравнению с пациентами с впервые выявленной ИТ, а по сравнению с практически здоровыми – в 3,5 раза.</p><p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Трегуляторные клетки и экспрессия костимулирующих молекул C28 играют важную роль в иммунопатогенезе ИТ.</p><p>Выраженное увеличение содержания популяции C4<sup>+</sup>C28<sup>null</sup> лимфоцитов (C4<sup>+</sup>C28<sup>–</sup>) в периферической крови пациентов с ИТ может быть прогностическим критерием резистентности к терапии ГС, что может потребовать пересмотра стратегии лечения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>immune thrombocytopenia</kwd><kwd>T-regulatory cell</kwd><kwd>C28 costimulatory molecule</kwd><kwd>flow cytometry</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иммунная тромбоцитопения</kwd><kwd>Т-регуляторная клетка</kwd><kwd>костимулирующая молекула C28</kwd><kwd>проточная цитометрия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clinical recommendations. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in adults. 2021. 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