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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Oncohematology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Oncohematology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкогематология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8346</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-4023</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">977</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8346-2024-19-4-93-107</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEW DIRECTIONS, DIAGNOSTIC OPPORTUNITIES, AND TREATMENT ADVANCES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НОВЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ, ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ДИАГНОСТИКИ И УСПЕХИ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Evolution of therapeutic approaches in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia and T315I mutation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эволюция терапевтических подходов у пациентов с хроническим миелолейкозом и мутацией Т315I</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9947-2371</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Turkina</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Туркина</surname><given-names>А Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4 Novyy Zykovskiy Proezd, Moscow 125167</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125167 Москва, Новый Зыковский пр-д, 4</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3290-7961</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lomaia</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ломаиа</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2 Akkuratova St., Saint Petersburg 197341</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197341 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, 2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0125-864X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6–8 L’va Tolstogo St., Saint Petersburg 197022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197022 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6–8</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3669-0141</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinogradova</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виноградова</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5 2nd Botkinskiy Proezd, Moscow 12528</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 5</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7493-0030</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mitina</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Митина</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>61/2 Shchepkina St., Moscow 129110</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>129110 Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61/2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2246-2858</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shatokhin</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шатохин</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>29 Nakhichevanskiy pereulok, Rostov-on-Don 344022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>344022 Ростов-на-Дону, пер. Нахичеванский, 29</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0323-251X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ovsyannikova</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Овсянникова</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2 Akkuratova St., Saint Petersburg 197341</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197341 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, 2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7762-0107</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlasova</surname><given-names>Yu. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Власова</surname><given-names>Ю. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6–8 L’va Tolstogo St., Saint Petersburg 197022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197022 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6–8</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6288-7570</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulikov</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куликов</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4 Novyy Zykovskiy Proezd, Moscow 125167</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125167 Москва, Новый Зыковский пр-д, 4</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6423-1789</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chelysheva</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Челышева</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4 Novyy Zykovskiy Proezd, Moscow 125167</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Екатерина Юрьевна Челышева</bold>,</p><p>125167 Москва, Новый Зыковский пр-д, 4</p></bio><email>denve@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр гематологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Raisa Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, I.P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">НИИ детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р.М. Горбачевой ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">S.P. Botkin Moscow Multidisciplinary Scientific and Clinical Center, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ г. Москвы «Московский многопрофильный научно-клинический центр им. С.П. Боткина» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">M.F. Vladimirskiy Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ МО «Московский областной научно-исследовательский институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Rostov State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Ростовский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>93</fpage><lpage>107</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-10"><day>10</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-12-10"><day>10</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/977">https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/977</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background</bold>. The T315I mutation in BCR::ABL1 kinase domain determines the resistance of leukemia cells to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) – imatinib and secondgeneration TKIs – in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The impact of new T315I-targeted approaches on treatment outcomes is being actively studied.</p><p><bold>Aim</bold>. To evaluate the clinical characteristics and therapy approaches in chronic-phase CML patients with T315I mutation in clinical practice. An additional objective is to evaluate overall survival (OS) by considering the therapy provided.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>. The non-interventional retrospective multicenter study included 88 adult patients with chronic-phase CML and the T315I mutation identified between January 2015 and November 2023, with a follow-up period of ≥3 months from 6 hematology clinics in Russia. T315I-targeted therapy refers to TKIs registered in Russia with clinically proven efficacy against the T315I mutation – ponatinib and asciminib, as well as allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.</p><p><bold>Results</bold>. The median time from diagnosis to T315I mutation detection was 47 (6–192) months. Patients with T315I received 1–6 lines of therapy; most often, the T315I mutation was detected after 2–3 lines of therapy. After T315I mutation detection, 68 (77 %) patients received T315I-targeted therapy. The probability of receiving T315I-targeted therapy was 51; 61; 74 and 84 % at 6; 12; 24 and 36 months after T315I mutation detection, respectively, and was statistically significantly higher in patients with a detected mutation in 2018–2019 and 2020–2023 compared to 2015–2017 (p = 0.0256). The time to the first T315I-targeted approach was significantly reduced by year of mutation detection (p = 0.0002); the median time to T315I-targeted therapy over these periods was reduced from 17.8 to 2 months. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was performed in 22 (25 %) of 88 patients: in 9 (41 %) – as the 1st T315I-targeted therapy; in 13 (59 %) patients, asciminib or ponatinib were used as bridge-therapy before it. Overall survival in the total group (n = 88) was 95; 79 and 68 % at 12; 36 and 60 months, respectively. The OS of patients with identified T315I mutation after 2020 was higher than in 2015–2017 and 2018–2019 periods, but the differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.1625).</p><p><bold>Conclusion</bold>. Selection of resistant clones with the T315I mutation can occur after any line of 1st–2nd generation TKI therapy. Improved availability of T315I-targeted therapy in Russia has been demonstrated depending on the period of T315I mutation detection. When the time to T315I-targeted therapy was reduced, a trend towards improved OS was observed. The differences in OS estimates identified may be related to selection factors given the retrospective nature of the study. Detailed prospective studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of different T315Idirected therapy protocols.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. Мутация T315I в киназном домене гена BCR::ABL1 определяет развитие резистентности лейкозных клеток к воздействию ингибиторов тирозинкиназы (ИТК) – иматиниба и ИТК 2‑го поколения – у больных хроническим миелолейкозом (ХМЛ). Влияние новых T315I-таргетных подходов на результаты терапии активно изучается.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования –</bold> изучить клинические характеристики и подходы к терапии у пациентов с хронической фазой МЛ и мутацией Т315I в клинической практике. Дополнительная задача – оценить общую выживаемость (ОВ) с учетом проводимой терапии.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. В неинтервенционное ретроспективное многоцентровое исследование включены 88 взрослых пациентов с ХМЛ в хронической фазе и мутацией T315I, выявленной в период с января 2015 г. по ноябрь 2023 г., со сроком наблюдения ≥3 мес из 6 гематологических клиник России. Под T315I-таргетной терапией подразумевали зарегистрированные в России ИТК с клинически доказанной эффективностью по отношению к мутации T315I – понатиниб и асциминиб, а также аллогенную трансплантацию гемопоэтических стволовых клеток.</p><p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Медиана срока от установления диагноза до выявления мутации Т315I составила 47 (6–192) мес. Пациенты с T315I получали 1–6 линий терапии; наиболее часто мутация T315I выявлялась после применения 2–3 линий терапии. После выявления мутации T315I у 68 (77 %) пациентов проводилась терапия с T315I-таргетным действием. Вероятность назначения T315I-таргетного варианта терапии составила 51; 61; 74 и 84 % через 6; 12; 24 и 36 мес после выявления мутации T315I соответственно и была статистически значимо выше у пациентов с выявленной мутацией в 2018–2019 и 2020–2023 гг. по сравнению с 2015–2017 гг. (р = 0,0256). Время до применения 1‑го T315I-таргетного подхода существенно сокращалось в зависимости от года обнаружения мутации (p = 0,0002); медиана срока назначения T315I-направленной терапии за указанные периоды сократилась с 17,8 до 2 мес. Аллогенная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток выполнена у 22 (25 %) из 88 больных: у 9 (41 %) – в качестве 1‑го T315I-направленного воздействия; у 13 (59 %) больных до ее выполнения применялся асциминиб или понатиниб в качестве bridge-терапии. Общая выживаемость во всей группе (n = 88) составила 95; 79 и 68 % на сроке 12; 36 и 60 мес соответственно. ОВ пациентов с выявленной мутацией Т315I после 2020 г. была выше, чем в периоды 2015–2017 и 2018–2019 гг., однако различия статистически не значимы (р = 0,1625).</p><p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Отбор резистентных клонов с мутацией T315I может происходить после любой линии терапии ИТК 1–2‑го поколения. Продемонстрировано улучшение доступности T315I-направленной терапии в России в зависимости от периода выявления мутации T315I. При сокращении времени до применения T315I-направленной терапии отмечена тенденция к повышению ОВ. Выявленные различия в оценках ОВ могут быть связаны с факторами селекции с учетом ретроспективного характера исследования. Для оценки эффективности разных протоколов T315I-направленной терапии требуются детализированные проспективные исследования.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic myeloid leukemia</kwd><kwd>asciminib</kwd><kwd>resistance</kwd><kwd>BCR::ABL1 mutation</kwd><kwd>tyrosine kinase inhibitor</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хронический миелоидный лейкоз</kwd><kwd>асциминиб</kwd><kwd>резистентность</kwd><kwd>мутация BCR::ABL1</kwd><kwd>ингибитор тирозинкиназы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was conducted with the support of Novartis Pharma LLC.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено при поддержке ООО «Новартис Фарма».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Kantarjian H.M., Cortes J.E., O’Brien S. et al. 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