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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Oncohematology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Oncohematology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкогематология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8346</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-4023</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">944</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8346-2024-19-3-132-141</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RARE AND COMPLEX CLINICAL SITUATIONS: DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT CHOICE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕДКИЕ И СЛОЖНЫЕ КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ СИТУАЦИИ: ДИАГНОСТИКА И ВЫБОР ТАКТИКИ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Cyclosporine combined with eltrombopag for treatment of secondary graft failure after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Опыт применения комбинации циклоспорина и элтромбопага в терапии вторичной несостоятельности трансплантата после трансплантации аутологичных гемопоэтических стволовых клеток</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8129-8114</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Semochkin</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семочкин</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Sergey V Semochkin </bold></p><p><italic>3 2<sup>nd</sup> Botkinskiy Proezd, Moscow 125284, </italic></p><p><italic>1 Ostrovityanova St., Moscow 117513</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Сергей Вячеславович Семочкин </bold></p><p><italic>125284 Москва, </italic><italic>2-й Боткинский пр-д, 3,</italic></p><p><italic>117513 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</italic></p></bio><email>semochkin_sv@rsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8689-1227</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lunin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лунин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>3 2<sup>nd</sup> Botkinskiy Proezd, Moscow 125284</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>125284 Москва, </italic><italic>2-й Боткинский пр-д, 3</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4312-0312</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaplanskaya</surname><given-names>I. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Капланская</surname><given-names>И. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>3 2<sup>nd</sup> Botkinskiy Proezd, Moscow 125284</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>125284 Москва, </italic><italic>2-й Боткинский пр-д, 3</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4927-5585</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedenko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Феденко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>3 2<sup>nd</sup> Botkinskiy Proezd, Moscow 125284</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>125284 Москва, </italic><italic>2-й Боткинский пр-д, 3</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">P.A. Hertzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский научно-исследовательский онкологический институт им. П.А. Герцена – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-09-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>132</fpage><lpage>141</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-09-02"><day>02</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-09-02"><day>02</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/944">https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/944</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Graft failure (GF) is an extremely rare complication of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) with a frequency not exceeding 3–5 % of all cases of this technology. Primary graft failure is distinguished when restoration of hematopoiesis has not occurred by day +28 after hematopoietic stem cell transfusion, and secondary GF, implying the occurrence of neutropenia &lt;0.5 × 10<sup>9</sup> /L after successful initial engraftment, which cannot be explained by tumor relapse, infections or chemotherapy toxicity.</p><p>In this report, we present a clinical case of a 57-year-old woman with newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with multiple lesions of the skeletal bones and lymph node involvement on both sides of the diaphragm. A feature of this case of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was the secretion of monoclonal IgGκ and plasmacytoid differentiation of tumor cells. Firstline therapy with 6 cycles of R-CHOP was unsuccessful. A complete metabolic response according to positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) was obtained after 2 cycles of second-line R-DHAP therapy, followed by myeloablative consolidation and transfusion of 16.9 × 10<sup>6/</sup>kg CD34<sup>+</sup> autologous hematopoietic stem cells. The patient was discharged from the hospital on day +15 with stable restoration of hematopoiesis. The pancytopenia and aplasia of bone marrow hematopoiesis developed across 3 months after auto-HSCT. For secondary GF, the patient received G-CSF, transfusions of blood components, and treatment similar to that for aplastic anemia (cyclosporine 5 mg/kg plus eltrombopag). A partial hematological response was obtained within 9 months, and a complete response by 24 months of therapy. According to PET/CT data 36 months after auto-HSCT, the patient had a local increase in the level of <sup>18</sup>F-fluorodeoxyglucose fixation (maximum standardized uptake value 3.33), possibly of an inflammatory nature, in the body of the L4 vertebra on the background of bone cement after vertebroplasty performed at the onset of the disease. In addition, monoclonal secretion of IgGκ persists in the absence of immunomorphological evidence of bone marrow involvement.</p><p>In conclusion, the article discusses the possible causes of the monotonous monoclonal IgGκ secretion and presents a literature review of known GF treating methods.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Несостоятельность трансплантата (НТ) – крайне редкое осложнение трансплантации аутологичных гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (ауто-ТГСК), по частоте не превышающее 3–5 % всех случаев реализации данной технологии. Выделяют первичную НТ, когда восстановление гемопоэза не произошло к +28-му дню после трансфузии гемопоэтических стволовых клеток, и вторичную НТ, подразумевающую возникновение нейтропении &lt;0,5 × 10<sup>9</sup> /л после успешного первоначального приживления трансплантата, которое не может быть объяснено рецидивом опухоли, инфекциями или токсическим действием химиопрепаратов.</p><p>В данном сообщении представлен клинический случай 57-летней женщины с впервые диагностированной диффузной В-клеточной крупноклеточной лимфомой с множественным поражением костей скелета и лимфатических узлов по обе стороны диафрагмы. Особенностью данного случая диффузной В-клеточной крупноклеточной лимфомы явились секреция моноклонального иммуноглобулина Gκ (IgGκ) и плазмоцитоидная дифференцировка опухолевых клеток. Первая линия терапии в объеме 6 циклов R-CHOP (ритуксимаб, циклофосфамид, доксорубицин, винкристин, преднизолон) не имела успеха. Полный метаболический ответ по данным позитронно-эмиссионной томографии, совмещенной с компьютерной томографией (ПЭТ/КТ), был получен после 2 циклов терапии 2-й линии R-DHAP (ритуксимаб, дексаметазон, высокодозный цитарабин, цисплатин), вслед за которыми были выполнены миелоаблативная консолидация и трансфузия 16,9 × 10<sup>6</sup> /кг CD34<sup>+</sup>-аутологичных гемопоэтических стволовых клеток. Пациентка была выписана из стационара на +15-й день со стабильным восстановлением гемопоэза. Через 3 мес после ауто-ТГСК у пациентки развились панцитопения и аплазия костномозгового кроветворения. По поводу вторичной НТ пациентка получала гранулоцитарный колониестимулирующий фактор, трансфузии компонентов крови и лечение, подобное таковому при апластической анемии (циклоспорин 5 мг/кг + элтромбопаг). Частичный гематологический ответ получен к 9 мес, полный – к 24 мес терапии. По данным ПЭТ/КТ через 36 мес после ауто-ТГСК у пациентки имело место локальное повышение уровня фиксации <sup>18</sup>F-фтордезоксиглюкозы (максимальный стандартизированный уровень накопления 3,33) возможно воспалительной природы в теле позвонка L4 на фоне костного цемента после выполненной в дебюте заболевания вертебропластики. Сохранялась моноклональная секреция IgGκ при отсутствии иммуноморфологических доказательств поражения костного мозга.</p><p>В заключении статьи обсуждаются возможные причины монотонной секреции моноклонального IgGκ и представлен обзор литературы, посвященной известным методам лечения НТ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation</kwd><kwd>graft failure</kwd><kwd>cyclosporine</kwd><kwd>eltrombopag</kwd><kwd>diffuse large B-cell lymphoma</kwd><kwd>M-protein</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трансплантация аутологичных гемопоэтических стволовых клеток</kwd><kwd>несостоятельность трансплантата</kwd><kwd>циклоспорин</kwd><kwd>элтромбопаг</kwd><kwd>диффузная В-клеточная крупноклеточная лимфома</kwd><kwd>М-протеин</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. 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