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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Oncohematology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Oncohematology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкогематология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8346</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-4023</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">895</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8346-2024-19-1-21-39</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES: TREATMENT</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ГЕМОБЛАСТОЗОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">How we treat polycythemia vera</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Как мы лечим истинную полицитемию</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3536-0770</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shuvaev</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шуваев</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vasily Anatolyevich Shuvaev</p><p>16 2nd Sovetskaya St., Saint Petersburg 191024</p><p>Build. 1, 2/1 Barrikadnaya St., Moscow 125993</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>191024 Санкт-Петербург, ул. 2-я Советская, 16</p><p>125993 Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><email>shuvaev77@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5958-0490</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Martynkevich</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартынкевич</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>16 2nd Sovetskaya St., Saint Petersburg 191024</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125993 Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, Federal Medical and Biological Agency</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Российский научно-исследовательский институт гематологии и трансфузиологии Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, Federal Medical and Biological Agency</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-01-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>21</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-01-25"><day>25</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-01-25"><day>25</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/895">https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/895</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Polycythemia vera is a disease known since ancient times, however, until recent decades, diagnosis was carried out by exclusion, and therapy was symptomatic. The discovery of the pathogenetic role of mutations in the Janus kinase II gene has led to the possibility of establishing a diagnosis based not only on morphology, but also on genetic verification and to the development of directed targeted therapy, which is much more effective than previously used methods. The introduction of molecular genetic screening led to the need for a differential diagnosis with familial erythrocytosis, and the lessons of the coronavirus pandemic revealed the presence in the population of a significant proportion of patients with erythrocytosis due to the carriage of gene polymorphisms associated with familial hemochromatosis. The article presents our own personalized algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment of polycythemia vera and the results of their use, demonstrating the possibility of a two-fold reduction in the incidence of thrombosis and an increase in overall survival.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Истинная полицитемия – заболевание, известное с античных времен, однако вплоть до последних десятилетий его диагностика осуществлялась методом исключения, а терапия носила симптоматический характер. Открытие патогенетической роли мутаций в гене янус-киназы 2‑го типа привело к возможности установления диагноза на основании не только морфологической, но и генетической верификации, и к разработке направленной таргетной терапии, значительно более эффективной, чем ранее использовавшиеся методы. В связи с внедрением молекулярно-генетического скрининга возникла необходимость проведения дифференциальной диагностики с семейными эритроцитозами, а коронавирусная пандемия показала наличие в популяции существенной доли пациентов с эритроцитозами, обусловленными носительством полиморфизма генов, ассоциированных с семейным гемохроматозом. В статье представлены собственные персонализированные алгоритмы диагностики и лечения истинной полицитемии и результаты их использования, демонстрирующие возможность двукратного снижения частоты тромбозов и повышения общей выживаемости.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>polycythemia vera</kwd><kwd>myeloproliferative neoplasm</kwd><kwd>molecular genetic diagnostics</kwd><kwd>targeted therapy</kwd><kwd>ruxolitinib</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>истинная полицитемия</kwd><kwd>миелопролиферативное новообразование</kwd><kwd>молекулярно-генетическая диагностика</kwd><kwd>таргетная терапия</kwd><kwd>руксолитиниб</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shuvaev V.A., Martynkevich I.S., Sidorkevich S.V. Myeloproliferative neoplasms. 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