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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Oncohematology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Oncohematology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкогематология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8346</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-4023</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">882</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8346-2023-18-4-225-232</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SUPPORTIVE THERAPY ASPECTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АСПЕКТЫ ПОДДЕРЖИВАЮЩЕЙ ТЕРАПИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Prevention of thrombotic complications in patients with AL amyloidosis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Профилактика тромботических осложнений у пациентов с AL-амилоидозом</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1008-5007</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khyshova</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хышова</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Viktoriya A. Khyshova </bold></p><p><italic>4 Novyy Zykovskiy Proezd, Moscow 125167,</italic> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Виктория Александрова Хышова </bold></p><p><italic>125167 Москва, Новый Зыковский пр-д, 4</italic></p></bio><email>khyshova.v@blood.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5440-4340</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rekhtina</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рехтина</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>4 Novyy Zykovskiy Proezd, Moscow 125167,</italic> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>125167 Москва, Новый Зыковский пр-д, 4</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7074-0926</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zozulya</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зозуля</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>4 Novyy Zykovskiy Proezd, Moscow 125167,</italic> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>125167 Москва, Новый Зыковский пр-д, 4</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7757-318X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gribkova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грибкова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>9 Sharikopodshipnikovskaya St., Moscow 115088</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>115088 Москва, ул. Шарикоподшипниковская, 9</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4966-8146</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mendeleeva</surname><given-names>L. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Менделеева</surname><given-names>Л. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>4 Novyy Zykovskiy Proezd, Moscow 125167,</italic> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>125167 Москва, Новый Зыковский пр-д, 4</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр гематологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУ г. Москвы «Научно-исследовательский институт организации здравоохранения и медицинского менеджмента Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>225</fpage><lpage>232</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-12-08"><day>08</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-12-08"><day>08</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/882">https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/882</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background. </bold>The problem of hemostasis system pathology in patients with AL amyloidosis (AL-A) is of great practical importance. Currently, there are no recommendations concerning indications and methods of prevention of thrombotic complications.</p><p><bold>Aim.</bold><bold> </bold>To study the main parameters of blood coagulation system in patients with AL amyloidosis, to determine the indications for anticoagulant therapy, to evaluate the efficacy and safety of apixaban prophylactic use during antitumor therapy.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods. </bold>A prospective single-center study included 65 patients with newly diagnosed systemic AL amyloidosis. The median age was 58 (34–74) years. Induction therapy according to the program BorCyDex (bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, dexamethasone) was given to 59 (90 %) patients, of which 5 patients received the combination of BorCyDex with a monoclonal antibody to CD38 – daratumumab. The remaining 6 (10 %) patients were treated with melphalan. Patients with laboratory signs of hypercoagulability or thrombotic complications were treated with apixaban in therapeutic or prophylactic dose. Indications for apixaban therapy in therapeutic dose (10 mg/day): atrial fibrillation, arterial thrombosis or pulmonary embolism less than 1 year ago. Indications for apixaban therapy in prophylactic dose (5 mg/day) were considered the presence of one or more factors: hypoalbuminemia less than 20 g/L; increase in D-dimer level more than 500 ng/mL without instrumentally verified arterial or venous thrombosis; increase in D-dimer level more than 500 ng/mL within 3 months after resolved episode of thrombosis; increase in fibrinogen level more than 4 g/L; increase in FVIII activity more than 150 %. When two or more factors were present, an antiplatelet agent (acetylsacylicylic acid) was added to apixaban therapy. The follow-up period was 4–9 months (median 6 months).</p><p><bold>Results.</bold><bold> </bold>Before the start of antitumor therapy, thrombotic complications were diagnosed in 15 (23 %), bleeding – in 3 (5 %) patients. Hemostasis study revealed an increase in one or more laboratory parameters reflecting hypercoagulability in 92 % of patients. Increase in fibrinogen level was found in 70 %, D-dimer – in 72 %, FVIII activity – in 92 % of patients. 3 (5 %) patients received a therapeutic dose of apixaban, 58 (89 %) patients ‒ a prophylactic dose. Therapy with apixaban and antiplatelet agent was performed in 10 (15 %) patients. During the follow-up 3 patients developed complications related to hemostasis system disorders: 1 (2 %) patient had thrombosis (ischemic stroke), 2 (3 %) – gastrointestinal bleeding of mild severity. All these patients received a prophylactic dose of apixaban due to the presence of 1 thrombosis risk factor: an increase in FVIII activity of more than 150 %.</p><p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>Clinical signs of hemostasis system pathology were observed in 28 % of AL amyloidosis patients, and laboratory signs of hypercoagulability were detected in 92 %. Our developed indications for thrombosis prophylaxis in AL amyloidosis were effective. The issue of FVIII activity increase as the only indication for anticoagulant therapy in AL amyloidosis patients requires further research.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>проблема патологии системы гемостаза у пациентов с AL-амилоидозом имеет важное практическое значение. В настоящее время отсутствуют рекомендации, касающиеся показаний и способов профилактики тромботических осложнений.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования </bold>– изучить основные параметры свертывающей системы крови у пациентов с AL-амилоидозом, определить показания к назначению антикоагулянтной терапии, оценить эффективность и безопасность профилактического применения апиксабана на фоне противоопухолевой терапии.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>В проспективное одноцентровое исследование были включены 65 пациентов с впервые диагностированным системным AL-амилоидозом. Медиана возраста составила 58 (34–74) лет. Индукционную терапию по программе BorCyDex (бортезомиб, циклофосфамид, дексаметазон) проводили 59 (90 %) больным, из них 5 пациентов получали комбинацию BorCyDex с моноклональным антителом к CD38 – даратумумабом. у остальных 6 (10 %) больных применяли схемы терапии с мелфаланом. больным с лабораторными признаками гиперкоагуляции или тромботическими осложнениями назначали апиксабан в лечебной или профилактической дозе. показания для терапии апиксабаном в лечебной дозе (10 мг/сут): фибрилляция предсердий, артериальный тромбоз или тромбоэмболия легочной артерии давностью менее 1 года. показаниями для назначения апиксабана в профилактической дозе (5 мг/сут) считали наличие 1 или более факторов: гипоальбуминемия ˂20 г/л, повышение содержания D-димера ˃500 нг/мл без инструментально верифицированного артериального или венозного тромбоза, повышение содержания D-димера ˃500 нг/мл в течение 3 мес после разрешившегося эпизода тромбоза, повышение содержания фибриногена ˃4 г/л, увеличение активности фактора свертывания крови VIII (FVIII) ˃150 %. при наличии 2 и более факторов к терапии апиксабаном добавляли антиагрегант (ацетилсацилициловую кислоту). Медиана периода наблюдения составила 6 (4–9) мес.</p><p><bold>Результаты. </bold>До начала противоопухолевой терапии тромботические осложнения диагностированы у 15 (23 %), кровотечения – у 3 (5 %) пациентов. при исследовании гемостаза у 92 % больных выявлено повышение 1 или более лабораторных параметров, отражающих гиперкоагуляцию. увеличение содержания фибриногена обнаружено у 70 %, D-димера – у 72 %, активности FVIII – у 92 % пациентов. Лечебную дозу апиксабана назначали 3 (5 %), профилактическую дозу – 58 (89 %) больным. Терапию апиксабаном и антиагрегантом проводили 10 (15 %) больным. В период наблюдения у 3 пациентов развились осложнения, связанные с нарушением системы гемостаза: у 1 (2 %) больного зарегистрирован тромбоз (ишемический инсульт), у 2 (3 %) – желудочно-кишечные кровотечения легкой степени тяжести. Все эти пациенты получали профилактическую дозу апиксабана, назначенную им вследствие наличия 1 фактора риска тромбоза – повышения активности FVIII ˃150 %.</p><p><bold>Заключение.</bold><bold> </bold>клинические признаки патологии системы гемостаза наблюдались у 28 % пациентов с AL-амилоидозом, лабораторные признаки гиперкоагуляции – у 92 %. Разработанные нами показания к профилактике тромбозов при AL-амилоидозе оказались эффективными. Вопрос о повышении активности FVIII в качестве единственного показания к назначению антикоагулянтной терапии пациентам с AL-амилоидозом требует дальнейших исследований.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>AL amyloidosis</kwd><kwd>thrombosis</kwd><kwd>anticoagulant therapy</kwd><kwd>apixaban</kwd><kwd>hypercoagulability</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>AL-амилоидоз</kwd><kwd>тромбоз</kwd><kwd>антикоагулянтная терапия</kwd><kwd>апиксабан</kwd><kwd>гиперкоагуляция</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Zangari M., Elice F., Fink L., Tricot G. Hemostatic dysfunction in paraproteinemias and amyloidosis. Semin Thromb Hemost 2007;33(4):339–49. DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-976169</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Sucker C., Hetzel G.R., Grabensee B. et al. Amyloidosis and bleeding: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapy. 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