<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Oncohematology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Oncohematology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкогематология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8346</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-4023</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">879</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8346-2023-18-4-181-195</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BASIC RESEARCH</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ В ПРАКТИЧЕСКОЙ МЕДИЦИНЕ НА СОВРЕМЕННОМ ЭТАПЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Perspectives for next generation sequencing in patients with follicular lymphoma</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Перспективы применения высокопроизводительного секвенирования у пациентов с фолликулярной лимфомой</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1706-6642</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kunevich</surname><given-names>E. O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куневич</surname><given-names>Е. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Evgenii O. Kunevich </bold></p><p><italic>16 2<sup>nd</sup> Sovetskaya St., Saint Petersburg 191024</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Евгений Олегович Куневич </bold></p><p><italic>191024 Санкт-Петербург, ул. 2-я Советская, 16</italic></p></bio><email>kunevich17@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5958-0490</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Martynkevich</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартынкевич</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>16 2<sup>nd</sup> Sovetskaya St., Saint Petersburg 191024</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>191024 Санкт-Петербург, ул. 2-я Советская, 16</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2135-2051</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhaleva</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михалева</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>16 2<sup>nd</sup> Sovetskaya St., Saint Petersburg 191024</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>191024 Санкт-Петербург, ул. 2-я Советская, 16</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-3690</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogdanov</surname><given-names>А. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богданов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>7–9 Universitetskaya Naberezhnaya, Saint Petersburg 199034</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>199034 Санкт-Петербург, Университетская набережная, 7–9</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6052-6472</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Motyko</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мотыко</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>16 2<sup>nd</sup> Sovetskaya St., Saint Petersburg 191024</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>191024 Санкт-Петербург, ул. 2-я Советская, 16</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-9041</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuvshinov</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кувшинов</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>16 2<sup>nd</sup> Sovetskaya St., Saint Petersburg 191024</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>191024 Санкт-Петербург, ул. 2-я Советская, 16</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9931-9406</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sidorkevich</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сидоркевич</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>16 2<sup>nd</sup> Sovetskaya St., Saint Petersburg 191024</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>191024 Санкт-Петербург, ул. 2-я Советская, 16</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1784-0375</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Voloshin</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волошин</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>16 2<sup>nd</sup> Sovetskaya St., Saint Petersburg 191024,</italic></p><p><italic>6 Akademika Lebedeva St., Saint Petersburg 194044</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>191024 Санкт-Петербург, ул. 2-я Советская, 16,</italic></p><p><italic>194044 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, Federal Medical and Biological Agency</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Российский научно-исследовательский институт гематологии и трансфузиологии Федерального медико-биологического агентства»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov, Ministry of Defense of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова» Минобороны России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>181</fpage><lpage>195</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-12-08"><day>08</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-12-08"><day>08</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/879">https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/879</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Aim. </bold>To study the prognostic significance of gene mutations and intracellular signaling pathways involved in lymphomagenesis in patients with follicular lymphoma using next generation sequencing (NGS).</p><p><bold>Materials and methods. </bold>The prospective study included 26 patients with a median age of 51.5 years. Mutational screening was performed for cohort using custom NGS Panel of 118 genes. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed using Metascape. The data was analyzed in SPSS Statistics 26 and R 4.2.2.</p><p><bold>Results. </bold>The highest mutation frequency was noted in the genes: <italic>KMT2C</italic> – 50 %, <italic>KMT2D</italic> – 50 %, <italic>CREBBP</italic> – 31 %, <italic>NOTCH2</italic> – 31 %, <italic>GNAS</italic> – 23 %. Missense mutations occurred with a frequency of 84.3 %. <italic>ARID1A</italic> gene mutation is an unfavorable prognostic factor according to progressive-free (p = 0.014) and event-free (p = 0.029) survival analysis. Tumor mutation burden (TMB) was defined as the number of mutations per megabase (Mb) of the coding sequence, the median TMB was 5.0 (3.3–8.3) mutations/Mb. The TMB threshold of 6 mutations/Mb divided patients into groups with high (44 %) and low (56 %) TMB. In the high TMB group, 2-year event-free survival was 27.3 % (95 % confidence interval 6.0–61.0), which was significantly lower than in low TMB group – 72.7 % (95 % confidence interval 41.9–91.6; p = 0.037). The most enriched cellular pathways according to GSEA results were regulation of cell activation (–log<sub>10</sub>(q-value) = 6.357), chromatin remodeling (–log<sub>10</sub>(q-value) = 5.707), histone modification (–log<sub>10</sub>(q-value) = 4.569). We have also demonstrated other possibilities of GSEA using follicular lymphoma as an example.</p><p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>TMB is a significant prognostic factor in patients with follicular lymphoma. We have shown that mutations in the <italic>MYC, CREBBP, EZH2, KMT2D</italic> genes lead to dysregulation in several intracellular processes, mediating complex molecular changes. The most enriched intracellular pathways in follicular lymphoma are those of chromatin remodeling, regulation of cell activation and histone modification.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель исследования </bold>– изучить прогностическую значимость мутаций генов и вовлекаемых в лимфомагенез внутриклеточных сигнальных путей у пациентов с фолликулярной лимфомой с применением анализа секвенирования следующего поколения (next generation sequencing, NGS).</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>В проспективное исследование включены 26 пациентов с медианой возраста 51,5 года. Всем пациентам проведен мутационный скрининг с использованием NGS-панели зондов к 118 генам. Анализ обогащения набора генов (gene set enrichment analysis, GSEA) проводили с использованием Metascape. Данные анализировали в SPSS Statistics 26 и R 4.2.2.</p><p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Наибольшая частота мутаций отмечалась в генах: <italic>KMT2C</italic> – 50 %, <italic>KMT2D</italic> – 50 %, <italic>CREBBP</italic> – 31 %, <italic>NOTCH2</italic> – 31 %, <italic>GNAS</italic> – 23 %. Миссенс-мутации встречались с частотой 84,3 %. Мутация гена <italic>ARID1A</italic> является неблагоприятным фактором прогноза по данным анализа беспрогрессивной (р = 0,014) и бессобытийной (р = 0,029) выживаемости. Опухолевая мутационная нагрузка (tumor mutational burden, ТМВ) определялась как количество мутаций на 1 мегабазу (Mb) кодирующей последовательности, медиана TMB составила 5,0 (3,3–8,3) мутации/Мb. пороговое значение ТМВ, равное 6 мутациям/Мb, распределяло пациентов на группы с высокой (44 %) и низкой (56 %) ТМВ. В группе высокой TMB 2-летняя бессобытийная выживаемость составила 27,3 % (95 % доверительный интервал 6,0–61,0), что достоверно ниже, чем в группе низкой ТМВ – 72,7 % (95 % доверительный интервал 41,9–91,6; р = 0,037). по результатам GSEA наиболее обогащенными клеточными процессами являлись пути регуляции клеточной активации (–log<sub>10</sub>(q-значение) = 6,357), ремоделирования хроматина (–log<sub>10</sub>(q-значение) = 5,707) и модификации гистонов (–log<sub>10</sub>(q-значение) = 4,569). Нами также продемонстрированы другие возможности применения GSEA на примере фолликулярной лимфомы.</p><p><bold>Заключение. </bold>TMB – значимый прогностический фактор у пациентов с фолликулярной лимфомой. установлено, что мутации в генах <italic>MYC, CREBBP, EZH2, KMT2D</italic> приводят к дисрегуляции в нескольких внутриклеточных процессах, опосредуя сложные молекулярные изменения. Наиболее обогащенными внутриклеточными путями при фолликулярной лимфоме являются пути ремоделирования хроматина, регуляции клеточной активации и модификации гистонов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>follicular lymphoma</kwd><kwd>next generation sequencing</kwd><kwd>tumor mutation burden</kwd><kwd>gene set enrichment analysis</kwd><kwd>mutation</kwd><kwd>epigenetics</kwd><kwd>signaling pathway</kwd><kwd>prognosis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фолликулярная лимфома</kwd><kwd>секвенирование следующего поколения</kwd><kwd>опухолевая мутационная нагрузка</kwd><kwd>анализ обогащения набора генов</kwd><kwd>мутация</kwd><kwd>эпигенетика</kwd><kwd>сигнальный путь</kwd><kwd>прогноз</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Krysiak K., Gomez F., White B.S. et al. Recurrent somatic mutations affecting B-cell receptor signaling pathway genes in follicular lymphoma. Blood 2017;129(4):473–83. DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-07-729954</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Taylor J., Xiao W., Abdel-Wahab O. Diagnosis and classification of hematologic malignancies on the basis of genetics. Blood 2017;130(4):410–23. DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-02-734541</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Balasubramanian S., Hodkinson B., Schuster S.J. et al. Identification of a genetic signature enriching for response to ibrutinib in relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma in the DAWN phase 2 trial. Cancer Med 2022;11(1):61–73. DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4422</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>McGowan-Jordan J., Hastings R.J., Moore S. ISCN 2020 – An International System for Human Cytogenomic Nomenclature (2020). Basel: Karger, 2020. Pp. 170. DOI: 10.1159/isbn.978-3-318-06867-2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Li M.M., Datto M., Duncavage E.J. et al. Standards and guidelines for the interpretation and reporting of sequence variants in cancer. J Mol Diagn 2017;19(1):4–23. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2016.10.002</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Richards S., Aziz N., Bale S. et al. Standards and guidelines for the interpretation of sequence variants: a joint consensus recommendation of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology. Genet Med 2015;17(5):405–24. DOI: 10.1038/gim.2015.30</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ryzhkova O.P., Kardymon O.L., Prokhorchuk E.B. et al. Guide to the interpretation of human DNA sequence data obtained by massively parallel sequencing (MPS) methods (edition 2018, version 2). Meditsinskaya genetika = Medical Genetics 2019;18(2): 3–23. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.25557/2073-7998.2019.02.3-23</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рыжкова О.П., Кардымон О.Л., Прохорчук Е.Б. и др. Руководство по интерпретации данных последовательности ДНК человека, полученных методами массового параллельного секвенирования (MPS) (редакция 2018, версия 2). Медицинская генетика 2019;18(2):3–23. DOI: 10.25557/2073-7998.2019.02.3-23</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Zhou Y., Zhou B., Pache L. et al. Metascape provides a biologistoriented resource for the analysis of systems-level datasets. Nat Commun 2019;10(1):1523. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09234-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Pasqualucci L., Khiabanian H., Fangazio M. et al. Genetics of follicular lymphoma transformation. Cell Rep 2014;6(1):130–40. DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.12.027</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Xu S., Tang C. The Role of ARID1A in tumors: tumor initiation or tumor suppression? Front Oncol 2021;11:745187. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.745187</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Pasqualucci L., Dominguez-Sola D., Chiarenza A. et al. Inactivating mutations of acetyltransferase genes in B-cell lymphoma. Nature 2011;471(7337):189–95. DOI: 10.1038/nature09730</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Ortega-Molina A., Boss I., Canela A. et al. The histone lysine methyltransferase KMT2D sustains a gene expression program that represses B cell lymphoma development. Nat Med 2015;21(10):1199–208. DOI: 10.1038/nm.3943</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Zhang J., Dominguez-Sola D., Hussein S. et al. Disruption of KMT2D perturbs germinal center B cell development and promotes lymphomagenesis. Nat Med 2015;21(10):1190–8. DOI: 10.1038/nm.3940</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Bodor C., Grossmann V., Popov N. et al. EZH2 mutations are frequent and represent an early event in follicular lymphoma. Blood 2013;122(18):3165–8. DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-04-496893</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Zar J.H. Biostatistical analysis. 4th edn. NJ Prentice Hall, 1999. Pp. 523.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Hochberg Y., Benjamini Y. More powerful procedures for multiple significance testing. Stat Med 1990;9(7):811–8. DOI: 10.1002/sim.4780090710</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Cotterman R., Jin V.X., Krig S.R. et al. N-Myc regulates a widespread euchromatic program in the human genome partially independent of its role as a classical transcription factor. Cancer Res 2008;68(23):9654–62. DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-1961</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Posternak V., Colea M.D. Strategically targeting MYC in cancer. F1000Res 2016;5:408. DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.7879.1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Bader G.D., Hogue C.W.V. An automated method for finding molecular complexes in large protein interaction networks. BMC Bioinformatics 2003;4:2. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-4-2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Pinero J., Bravo A., Queralt-Rosinach N. et al. DisGeNET: a comprehensive platform integrating information on human disease-associated genes and variants. Nucleic Acids Res 2017;45(D1):D833–9. DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw943</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Crouch S., Painter D., Barrans S.L. et al. Molecular subclusters of follicular lymphoma: a report from the United Kingdom’s Haematological Malignancy Research Network. Blood Adv 2022;6(21):5716–31. DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005284</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Pastore A., Jurinovic V., Kridel R. et al. Integration of gene mutations in risk prognostication for patients receiving first-line immunochemotherapy for follicular lymphoma: a retrospective analysis of a prospective clinical trial and validation in a populationbased registry. Lancet Oncol 2015;16(9):1111–22. DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00169-2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Zhang X., Zhang Y., Zhao J. et al. ARID1A mutations in cancer development: mechanism and therapy. Carcinogenesis 2023;44(3):197–208. DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgad011</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Rizvi N.A., Hellmann M.D., Snyder A. et al. Mutational landscape determines sensitivity to PD-1 blockade in non–small cell lung cancer. Science 2015;348(6230):124–8. DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa1348</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Goodman A.M., Kato S., Bazhenova L. et al. Tumor mutational burden as an independent predictor of response to immunotherapy in diverse cancers. Mol Cancer Ther 2017;16(11):2598–608. DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-17-0386</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Cho J., Yoon S.E., Kim S.J. et al. Comparison of tumor mutation burden of 300 various non-Hodgkin lymphomas using panel based massively parallel sequencing. BMC Cancer 2021;21:972. DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08695-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>De Pádua Covas Lage L.A., Culler H.F., Barreto G.C. et al. Tumor mutation burden involving epigenetic regulatory genes and the RhoA GTPase predicts overall survival in nodal mature T-cell lymphomas. Clin Epigenetics 2022;14:180. DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01395-4</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Devarakonda S., Rotolo F., Tsao M.S. et al. Tumor mutation burden as a biomarker in resected non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2018;36(30):2995–3006. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2018.78.1963</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Subramanian A., Tamayo P., Mootha V.K. et al. Gene set enrichment analysis: a knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005;102(43):15545–50. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0506580102</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
