<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Oncohematology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Oncohematology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкогематология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8346</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-4023</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">870</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8346-2023-18-4-78-89</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RARE AND COMPLEX CLINICAL SITUATIONS: DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT CHOICE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕДКИЕ И СЛОЖНЫЕ КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ СИТУАЦИИ: ДИАГНОСТИКА И ВЫБОР ТАКТИКИ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Targeted therapy for advanced forms of systemic mastocytosis in real clinical practice</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Таргетная терапия продвинутых форм системного мастоцитоза в реальной клинической практике</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1384-1621</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shikhbabaeva</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шихбабаева</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Dzhariyat I. Shikhbabaeva </bold></p><p><italic>Build 17, 5 2<sup>nd</sup> Botkinskiy Proezd, Moscow 12528</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Джарият Исмаиловна Шихбабаева </bold></p><p><italic>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 5, корп. 17</italic></p></bio><email>djeri.shih@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3669-0141</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinogradova</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виноградова</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Oncology, Hematology and Radiation Therapy, Faculty of Pediatrics, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</p><p><italic>Build 17, 5 2<sup>nd</sup> Botkinskiy Proezd, Moscow 12528,</italic></p><p><italic>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117997, </italic></p><p><italic>1 Ostrovityanova St., Moscow 117997</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра онкологии, гематологии и лучевой терапии педиатрического факультета ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</p><p><italic>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 5, корп. 17,</italic></p><p><italic>117997 Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1,</italic></p><p><italic>117997 Москва, </italic><italic>ул. Островитянова, 1</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9524-7070</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Neverova</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Неверова</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Build 17, 5 2<sup>nd</sup> Botkinskiy Proezd, Moscow 12528</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 5, корп. 17</italic></p></bio></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5658-9729</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pankrashkina</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панкрашкина</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Build 17, 5 2<sup>nd</sup> Botkinskiy Proezd, Moscow 12528</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 5, корп. 17</italic></p></bio></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7869-209X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernikov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черников</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Build 17, 5 2<sup>nd</sup> Botkinskiy Proezd, Moscow 12528</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 5, корп. 17</italic></p></bio></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7665-4160</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Detkina</surname><given-names>E. O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Деткина</surname><given-names>Е. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Build 17, 5 2<sup>nd</sup> Botkinskiy Proezd, Moscow 12528</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 5, корп. 17</italic></p></bio></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kobzev</surname><given-names>Yu. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кобзев</surname><given-names>Ю. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Build 17, 5 2<sup>nd</sup> Botkinskiy Proezd, Moscow 12528</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 5, корп. 17</italic></p></bio></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malakho</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малахо</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Build 17, 5 2<sup>nd</sup> Botkinskiy Proezd, Moscow 12528</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 5, корп. 17</italic></p></bio></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9368-6050</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ptushkin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Птушкин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Oncology, Hematology and Radiation Therapy, Faculty of Pediatrics, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia; Department of Hematology and Transfusiology named after. acad. I.A. Kassirskiy and A.I. Vorobyov, Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia</p><p><italic>Build 17, 5 2<sup>nd</sup> Botkinskiy Proezd, Moscow 125284,</italic></p><p><italic>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117997, </italic></p><p><italic>1 Ostrovityanova St., Moscow 117997</italic><italic>,</italic></p><p><italic>Build. 1, 2/1 Barrikadnaya St., Moscow 125993</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра онкологии, гематологии и лучевой терапии педиатрического факультета ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России;</p><p>Кафедра гематологии и трансфузиологии им. акад. И.А. Кассирского и А.И. Воробьева ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</p><p><italic>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 5, корп. 17,</italic></p><p><italic>117997 Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1,</italic></p><p><italic>117997 Москва, </italic><italic>ул. Островитянова, 1,</italic></p><p><italic>125993 Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow City Hematology Center, S.P. Botkin City Clinical Hospital, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский городской гематологический центр ГБУЗ г. Москвы «Городская клиническая больница им. С.П. Боткина Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow City Hematology Center, S.P. Botkin City Clinical Hospital, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский городской гематологический центр ГБУЗ г. Москвы «Городская клиническая больница им. С.П. Боткина Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff id="aff8"><institution>ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution></aff><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>78</fpage><lpage>89</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-12-07"><day>07</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-12-07"><day>07</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/870">https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/870</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background. </bold>Mastocytosis is a heterogeneous group of diseases that are characterized by excessive proliferation and accumulation of clonal (neoplastic) mast cells in one or more organs. Advanced variants of systemic mastocytosis (aggressive systemic mastocytosis, systemic mastocytosis associated with hematological neoplasm, and mast cell leukemia) are characterized by infiltration of organs by mast cells, which leads to organs dysfunction. Such patients require a more active approach and the use of cytoreductive therapy. Available therapeutic options include imatinib, interferon-alpha, cladribine. Only one of the targeted drugs is registered in Russia – midostaurin. Midostaurin is a potent                    multikinase inhibitor that is active against KIT regardless of mutation status. Midostaurin has shown its effectiveness in clinical trials, however, we know that data from real clinical practice often differ from clinical studies due to the characteristics of patients (preserved comorbid status, stable disease parameters) traditionally included in clinical trials.</p><p><bold>Aim.</bold><bold> </bold>To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of midostaurin in patients with advanced variants of systemic mastocytosis in real clinical practice.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods. </bold>This work analyzed 13 patients (7 (54 %) men and 6 (46 %) women) who received midostaurin therapy for systemic mastocytosis (aggressive systemic mastocytosis – 9 (69 %), systemic mastocytosis associated with a hematological neoplasm – 4 (31 %)). The median age of patients when the diagnosis was verified was 73 (61–87) years, the median age when midostaurin was prescribed was 74 (61–88) years. According to the International prognostic scoring system for mastocytosis (IPSM) based on clinical variables, patients are classified as follows groups: SM1 – 1 (8 %) patient, SM2 – 3 (23 %), SM3 – 8 (61 %), SM4 – 1 (8 %).</p><p><bold>Results. </bold>As a result of therapy, clinical improvement was achieved in 10 (77 %) patients, and stabilization in 3 (23 %) patients. During midostaurin therapy, grade I–II adverse events were noted from the gastrointestinal tract: nausea in 5 patients (38 %), vomiting in 2 (15 %), diarrhea in 6 (46 %). Hematological toxicity of grade I–II was also observed: anemia in 6 (46 %) patients, thrombocytopenia in 5 (38 %) patients. The median overall survival in the group was not achieved. The 2-year overall survival rate was 75 %.</p><p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>The study results suggest the potential efficacy and safety of midostaurin in patients with aggressive systemic mastocytosis and systemic mastocytosis associated with hematological malignancies.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Мастоцитоз – гетерогенная группа заболеваний, которые характеризуются чрезмерной пролиферацией и накоплением клональных (неопластических) тучных клеток в одном или нескольких органах. продвинутые варианты системного мастоцитоза (агрессивный системный мастоцитоз, системный мастоцитоз, ассоциированный с гематологическим новообразованием, и тучноклеточный лейкоз) отличаются инфильтрацией органов тучными клетками, которая ведет к нарушению функции органов. Для таких пациентов требуются более активный подход и применение циторедуктивной терапии. Доступные терапевтические варианты включают иматиниб, интерферон α, кладрибин. В России зарегистрирован только один из таргетных препаратов – мидостаурин. Мидостаурин является мощным мультикиназным ингибитором, активным в отношении KIT независимо от мутационного статуса. Мидостаурин показал свою эффективность в клинических исследованиях. Однако данные реальной клинической практики зачастую отличаются от результатов исследований в связи с особенностями пациентов, традиционно включаемых в клинические исследования (сохранный коморбидный статус, стабильные показатели заболевания).</p><p><bold>Цель исследования </bold>– оценить эффективность и безопасность мидостаурина у пациентов с продвинутыми вариантами системного мастоцитоза в реальной клинической практике.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>проанализированы данные 13 пациентов (7 (54 %) мужчин и 6 (46 %) женщин), получавших терапию мидостаурином по поводу системного мастоцитоза: агрессивного системного мастоцитоза – 9 (69 %), системного мастоцитоза, ассоциированного с гематологическим новообразованием, – 4 (31 %). Медиана возраста пациентов при верификации диагноза составила 73 (61–87) года, медиана возраста при назначении мидостаурина – 74 (61–88) года. согласно Международной прогностической шкале оценки мастоцитоза (International prognostic scoring system for mastocytosis, IPSM) на основе клинических переменных пациенты отнесены к следующим группам: сМ1 – 1 (8 %) пациент, сМ2 – 3 (23 %), сМ3 – 8 (61 %), сМ4 – 1 (8 %).</p><p><bold>Результаты.</bold><bold> </bold>На фоне терапии у 10 (77 %) пациентов достигнуто клиническое улучшение, у 3 (23 %) – стабилизация состояния. при терапии мидостаурином нежелательные явления I–II степеней были отмечены со стороны желудочно-кишечного тракта: тошнота – у 5 (38 %) пациентов, рвота – у 2 (15 %), диарея – у 6 (46 %). Также наблюдали гематологическую токсичность I–II степеней: анемию – у 6 (46 %) больных, тромбоцитопению – у 5 (38 %). Медиана общей выживаемости в группе не достигнута. Общая 2-летняя выживаемость составила 75 %.</p><p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Результаты настоящего исследования позволяют предположить потенциальную эффективность и безопасность применения мидостаурина у пациентов с агрессивным системным мастоцитозом и системным мастоцитозом, ассоциированным с гематологическими новообразованиями.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>systemic mastocytosis</kwd><kwd>aggressive systemic mastocytosis</kwd><kwd>KIT D816V</kwd><kwd>midostaurin</kwd><kwd>real clinical practice</kwd><kwd>targeted therapy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>системный мастоцитоз</kwd><kwd>агрессивный системный мастоцитоз</kwd><kwd>KIT D816V</kwd><kwd>мидостаурин</kwd><kwd>реальная клиническая практика</kwd><kwd>таргетная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was prepared based on the results of studies carried out at the expense of budgetary funds on the state assignment of the S.P. Botkin City Clinical Hospital, Moscow Healthcare Department</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена по результатам исследований, выполненных за счет бюджетных средств по государственному заданию ГБУЗ г. Москвы «Городская клиническая больница им. С.П. Боткина Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Valent P., Akin C., Hartmann K. et al. Advances in the classifi cation and treatment of mastocytosis: current status and outlook toward the future. Cancer Res 2017;77(6):1261–70. DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-2234</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Nettleship E., Tay W. Rare forms of urticaria. Br Med J 1869;2:323.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Ehrlich P. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der granulierten Bindegewebszellen und der eosinophilen Leukocyten [Contributions to the knowledge of granulated connective tissue cells and eosinophilic leukocytes (In German)]. Arch Anat Physiol 1879;7:166–9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Unna P.G. Beiträge zur Anatomie und Pathogeneses der Urticaria Simplex und Pigmentosa [Contributions to the anatomy and pathogenesis of urticaria simplex and pigmentosa (In German)]. Monatschr Prakt Dermatol Suppl Dermatol Stud 1887;3:9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Ellis J.M. Urticaria pigmentosa; a report of a case with autopsy. Arch Pathol 1949;48(5):426–35.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Metcalfe D.D. Classification and diagnosis of mastocytosis: current status. J Investig Dermatol 1991;96(3):2S–4S.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Valent P., Horny H.P., Escribano L. et al. Diagnostic criteria and classification of mastocytosis: a consensus proposal. Leuk Res 2001;25(7):603–25. DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(01)00038-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Valent P., Horny H.P., Li C.Y. et al. Mastocytosis (mast cell disease). In: World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumours. Pathology &amp; Genetics. Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. Eds.: E.S. Jaffe, N.L. Harris, H. Stein, J.W. Vardiman. Lyon, France: IARC Press, 2001. Pp. 291–302.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Horny H.P., Akin C., Metcalfe D.D. et al. Mastocytosis (mast cell disease). In: World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumours. Pathology &amp; Genetics. Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. Eds.: S.H. Swerdlow, E. Campo, N.L. Harris et al. Lyon, France: IARC Press, 2008. Pp. 54–63.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Horny H.P., Akin C., Arber D. et al. Mastocytosis. In: World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. Eds.: S.H. Swerdlow, E. Campo, N.L. Harris et al. Lyon, France: IARC Press, 2017. Pp. 62–69.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Valent P., Akin C., Sperr W.R. et al. New insights into the pathogenesis of mastocytosis: emerging concepts in diagnosis and therapy. Ann Rev Pathol 2023;18:361–86. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-031521-042618</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Lim K.H., Tefferi A., Lasho T.L. et al. Systemic mastocytosis in 342 consecutive adults: survival studies and prognostic factors. Blood 2009;113(23):5727–36. DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-02-205237</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Trizuljak J., Sperr W.R., Nekvindová L. et al. Clinical features and survival of patients with indolent systemic mastocytosis defined by the updated WHO classification. Allergy 2020;75(8):1927–38. DOI: 10.1111/all.14248</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Zanotti R., Bonifacio M., Lucchini G. et al. Refined diagnostic criteria for bone marrow mastocytosis: a proposal of the European competence network on mastocytosis. Leukemia 2021;36(2):516–24. DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01406-y</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Arock M., Sotlar K., Akin C. et al. KIT mutation analysis in mast cell neoplasms: recommendations of the European Competence Network on Mastocytosis. Leukemia 2015;29(6):1223–32. DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.24</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Akin C., Fumo G., Yavuz A.S. et al. A novel form of mastocytosis associated with a transmembrane c-kit mutation and response to imatinib. Blood 2004;103(8):3222–5. DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-11-3816</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Alvarez-Twose I., González P., Morgado J.M. et al. Complete response after imatinib mesylate therapy in a patient with welldifferentiated systemic mastocytosis. J Clin Oncol 2012;30:e126–9. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2011.38.9973</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Zhang L.Y., Smith M.L., Schultheis B. et al. A novel K509I mutation of KIT identified in familial mastocytosis – in vitro and in vivo responsiveness to imatinib therapy. Leuk Res 2006;30(4):373–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2005.08.015</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Chan E.C., Bai Y., Kirshenbaum A.S. et al. Mastocytosis associated with a rare germline KIT K509I mutation displays a welldifferentiated mast cell phenotype. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014;134(1):178–87. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.12.1090</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>De Melo Campos P., Machado-Neto J.A., Scopim-Ribeiro R. et al. Familial systemic mastocytosis with germline KIT K509I mutation is sensitive to treatment with imatinib, dasatinib and PKC412. Leuk Res 2014;38(10):1245–51. DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2014.07.010</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Nedoszytko B., Arock M., Lyons J.J. et al. Clinical impact of inherited and acquired genetic variants in mastocytosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021;22(1):411–28. DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010411</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Pardanani A., Lim K.H., Lasho T.L. et al. Prognostically relevant breakdown of 123 patients with systemic mastocytosis associated with other myeloid malignancies. Blood 2009;114(18):3769–72. DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-05-220145</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Sperr W.R., Kundi M., Alvarez-Twose I. et al. International prognostic scoring system for mastocytosis (IPSM): a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Haematol 2019;6(12):e638–49. DOI: 10.1016/S2352-3026(19)30166-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Pardanani A., Shah S., Mannelli F. et al. Mayo alliance prognostic system for mastocytosis: Clinical and hybrid clinical-molecular models. Blood Adv 2018;2(21):2964–72. DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018026245</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Jawhar M., Schwaab J., Бlvarez-Twose I. et al. Mutation-adjusted risk score for advanced systemic mastocytosis. J Clin Oncol 2019;37(31):2846–56. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.19.00640</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Buonomo A., Nucera E., Criscuolo M. Treatment of indolent and advanced systemic mastocytosis. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2022;14(1):e2022040. DOI: 10.4084/MJHID.2022.040</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Gotlib J., Kluin-Nelemans H.C., George T.I. et al. Efficacy and safety of midostaurin in advanced systemic mastocytosis. N Engl J Med 2016;374(26):2530–41. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1513098</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>DeAngelo D.J., George T.I., Linder A. et al. Efficacy and safety of midostaurin in patients with advanced systemic mastocytosis: 10-year median follow-up of a phase II trial. Leukemia 2018;32(2):470–8. DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.234</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Szudy-Szczyrek A., Bachanek-Mitura O., Gromek T. et al. Realworld efficacy of midostaurin in aggressive systemic mastocytosis. J Clin Med 2021;10(5):1109. DOI: 10.3390/jcm10051109</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Gajra A., Klink A.J., Chopra D., Feinberg B. Real-world utilization of midostaurin among patients with systemic mastocytosis (SM). Blood 2019;134(Suppl 1):5378.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Gotlib J., Pardanani A., Akin C. et al. International Working Group-Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Research and Treatment (IWG-MRT) &amp; European Competence Network on Mastocytosis (ECNM) consensus response criteria in advanced systemic mastocytosis. Blood 2013;121(13):2393–401. DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-09-458521</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Schwaab J., do O. Hartmann N.C., Naumann N. et al. Importance of adequate diagnostic workup for correct diagno sis of advanced systemic mastocytosis. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2020;8(9):3121–7.e1. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.05.005</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Lim K.H., Pardanani A., Butterfield J.H. et al. Cytoreductive therapy in 108 adults with systemic mastocytosis: outcome analysis and response prediction during treatment with interferon-alpha, hydroxyurea, imatinib mesylate or 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine. Am J Hematol 2009;84(12):790–4. DOI: 10.1002/ajh.21561</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Pardanani A. Systemic mastocytosis in adults: 2017 update on diagnosis, risk stratification and management. Am J Hematol 2016;91(11):1146–59. DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24553</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">National clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of mastocytosis. Gematologiya i transfuziologiya = Hematology and Transfusiology 2021;66(2):280–311. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.35754/0234-5730-2021-66-2-280-311</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Национальные клинические рекомендации по диагностике и лечению мастоцитоза. Гематология и трансфузиология 2021;66(2):280–311. DOI: 10.35754/0234-5730-2021-66-2-280-311</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Longley B.J., Reguera M.J., Ma Y. Classes of c-KIT activating mutations: Proposed mechanisms of action and implications for disease classification and therapy. Leuk Res 2001;25(7):571–6. DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(01)00028-5</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
