OncohematologyOncohematologyОнкогематология1818-83462413-4023Publishing House ABV Press84110.17650/1818-8346-2023-18-3-92-101BASIC RESEARCHФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ В ПРАКТИЧЕСКОЙ МЕДИЦИНЕ НА СОВРЕМЕННОМ ЭТАПЕClonal hematopoiesis and acute myeloid leukemiaКлональное кроветворение и острые миелоидные лейкозыhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3548-8929KashlakovaA. I.КашлаковаА. И.
Russian Federation

Anastasiia Igorevna Kashlakova

125167

4 Novyy Zykovskiy Proezd

Moscow

Анастасия Игоревна Кашлакова

125167

Новый Зыковский пр-д, 4

Москва

kashlakova.a.i@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6253-3334BidermanB. V.БидерманБ. В.
Russian Federation

125167

4 Novyy Zykovskiy Proezd

Moscow

125167

Новый Зыковский пр-д, 4

Москва

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-3566ParovichnikovaE. N.ПаровичниковаЕ. Н.
Russian Federation

125167

4 Novyy Zykovskiy Proezd

Moscow

125167

Новый Зыковский пр-д, 4

Москва

National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health of RussiaФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр гематологии» Минздрава России13092023183921011209202312092023https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/841

   During aging phenotypic changes in the hematopoietic system occur, and possible reason of these changes can be accumulation of gene mutations in hematopoietic stem cells or early blood progenitors. Although these mutations are mostly neutral, some may give hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells a proliferative advantage. In this case clonal hematopoiesis will arise, which is characterized by the formation of a genetically distinct subpopulation of blood cells. Clonal hematopoiesis may become a basis for the development of hematologic malignancies, such as acute myeloid leukemia. Clonal hematopoiesis associated genes which are most commonly mutated in acute myeloid leukemia patients are DNMT3A, TET2 and ASXL1. The prognostic significance of these gene mutations currently remains a subject of study.

   С возрастом в системе кроветворения происходят фенотипические изменения, что может быть связано с накоплением соматических генетических мутаций в стволовых клетках крови или ранних клетках-предшественницах. Несмотря на то что в основном эти мутации нейтральны, некоторые могут придавать стволовым клеткам крови и клеткам-предшественницам пролиферативное преимущество. В этом случае будет развиваться клональное кроветворение, т. е. формирование клеточного клона, несущего мутации определенных генов. Клональное кроветворение может быть основой для развития злокачественных новообразований системы кроветворения, в частности, острых миелоидных лейкозов. Гены, ассоциированные с клональным кроветворением, в которых чаще всего выявляют мутации при острых миелоидных лейкозах, – DNMT3A, TET2 и ASXL1. Прогностическая значимость мутаций этих генов в настоящее время остается предметом изучения.

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