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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Oncohematology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Oncohematology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкогематология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8346</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-4023</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">793</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8346-2023-18-1-12-19</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES: TREATMENT</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ГЕМОБЛАСТОЗОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Combination of hypomethylating agents and inhibitor of BCL-2 in treatment of patients with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia: S.P. Botkin hospital experience</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Комбинация гипометилирующих препаратов с ингибитором BCL-2 в лечении рецидива острого миелоидного лейкоза: опыт ГКБ им. С.П. Боткина</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8538-9646</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Granatkin</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гранаткин</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Maksim Aleksandrovich Granatkin</bold></p><p><italic>125284, Moscow, 2<sup>nd</sup> Botkinskiy Proezd, 5125993, Moscow, 2/1 Barrikadnaya St., Build. 1</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Максим Александрович Гранаткин</bold></p><p><italic>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 5125993 Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1</italic></p></bio><email>79805020812@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2490-1263</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitin</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитин</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>125284, Moscow, 2<sup>nd</sup> Botkinskiy Proezd, 5125993, Moscow, 2/1 Barrikadnaya St., Build. 1</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 5125993 Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8794-0120</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kislova</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кислова</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>125284, Moscow, 2<sup>nd</sup> Botkinskiy Proezd, 5</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 5</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3450-3450</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailov</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлов</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>125284, Moscow, 2<sup>nd</sup> Botkinskiy Proezd, 5</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 5</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9038-1075</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Doronin</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Доронин</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>125284, Moscow, 2<sup>nd</sup> Botkinskiy Proezd, 5</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 5</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Minenko</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миненко</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>125284, Moscow, 2<sup>nd</sup> Botkinskiy Proezd, 5</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 5</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7053-3257</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Okuneva</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Окунева</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>125284, Moscow, 2<sup>nd</sup> Botkinskiy Proezd, 5125993, Moscow, 2/1 Barrikadnaya St., Build. 1</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 5125993 Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-1976</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>125284, Moscow, 2<sup>nd</sup> Botkinskiy Proezd, 5</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 5</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Degtyareva</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дегтярева</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>125284, Moscow, 2<sup>nd</sup> Botkinskiy Proezd, 5</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 5</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4733-7925</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pochtar</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Почтарь</surname><given-names>М. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>125284, Moscow, 2<sup>nd</sup> Botkinskiy Proezd, 5125993, Moscow, 2/1 Barrikadnaya St., Build. 1</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 5125993 Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6405-3422</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lugovskaya</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Луговская</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>125284, Moscow, 2<sup>nd</sup> Botkinskiy Proezd, 5125993, Moscow, 2/1 Barrikadnaya St., Build. 1</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 5125993 Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7542-9272</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kobzev</surname><given-names>Yu. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кобзев</surname><given-names>Ю. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>125284, Moscow, 2<sup>nd</sup> Botkinskiy Proezd, 5</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 5</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9368-6050</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ptushkin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Птушкин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>125284, Moscow, 2<sup>nd</sup> Botkinskiy Proezd, 5125993, Moscow, 2/1 Barrikadnaya St., Build. 1</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 5125993 Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rimashevskaya</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Римашевская</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>125993, Moscow, 2/1 Barrikadnaya St., Build. 1</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>125993 Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">S.P. Botkin City Clinical Hospital, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ г. Москвы «Городская клиническая больница им. С.П. Боткина Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>19</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-03-13"><day>13</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-03-13"><day>13</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/793">https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/793</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background</bold>. Treatment results in patients with relapsed and refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remain unsatis‑factory. Treatment options for these patients are limited.<bold>Aim</bold>. To retrospectively analyze the efficacy and safety of combined therapy with hypomethylating agents and venetoclax (VenHMA) in patients with relapsed AML and also to compare the results with the cohort of patients who received azacitidine as a monotherapy.<bold>Materials and methods</bold>. The study included patients with relapsed AML, over 50 years old, who received VenHMA therapy from 01.09.2019 to 01.06.2022 and azacytidine monotherapy from 01.03.2016 to 01.06.2022. In total we identified 38 patients who received VenHMA and 30 patients who received azacytidine alone.<bold>Results</bold>. The median age of patients in the VenHMA cohort was 66 years (range 51–84). The median number of previous therapy lines was 1.5 (range 1–3), and 12 (32 %) patients had AML evolving from prior myelodysplasia. The median follow-up was 6.2 months, with 20 patients monitored for more than 6 months. Complete response was obtained in 13 (34 %) patients, complete remission with incomplete recovery in 8 (21 %), leukemia-free state in 2 (5 %) patients. Thus, overall response was achieved in 23 (60 %) patients. The median time to achieve overall response was 2.6 months. At the time of the final analysis, 16 patients were still receiving treatment. The median of relapse-free survival in patients with response was not achieved; the median of overall survival was 15.6 months.The groups of patients receiving VenHMA or azacitidine alone were comparable in terms of the main characteristics, with the exception of initial thrombocytopenia &lt;50 × 109/L, which was more frequently encountered in VenHMA cohort (47 % versus 20 %). The median time to the next therapy in the VenHMA group was 10.16 months, in the azacitidine group 6.7 months (hazard ratio (log-rank) 2.02; 95 % confidence interval 1.15–3.5; p = 0.013). The median overall survival in the VenHMA group was 15.6 months, in the azacitidine group 8.5 months (hazard ratio 2.49; 95 % confidence interval 1.36–4,5; p = 0.0044). In a multivariate analysis of factors, associated with adverse outcome (age &gt;65 years, secondary AML, azacytidine monotherapy) only secondary AML was a significant factor for overall survival.<bold>Conclusion</bold>. The results of our retrospective study show the superiority of the combination regimen of venetoclax and azacitidine in the treatment of AML relapses, both in terms of the quality of remissions and their duration. Patients with relapse and primary refractory AML represent cases of poor cytogenetic prognosis, and have an aggravated somatic status. To date, the use of the VenGMA regimen allows finding the optimal balance between the intensity and toxicity of therapy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. Результаты лечения пациентов с рецидивами и рефрактерными формами острых миелоидных лейкозов (ОМЛ) остаются неудовлетворительными. Варианты терапии таких больных ограниченны.<bold>Цель исследования</bold> – провести ретроспективный анализ эффективности и переносимости комбинированной терапии гипометилирующими агентами и венетоклаксом (ВенГМА) у пациентов с рецидивами ОМЛ в ретроспективном сравнении с группой пациентов, получавших азацитидин в монорежиме.<bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. В исследование были включены пациенты старше 50 лет с рецидивами ОМЛ, которые получали терапию ВенГМА в период с 01.09.2019 по 01.06.2022 или монотерапию азацитидином с 01.03.2016 по 01.06.2022. Мы идентифицировали 38 пациентов, получавших режим ВенГМА, и 30 пациентов, получавших азацитидин в монорежиме.<bold>Результаты</bold>. Медиана возраста пациентов в группе ВенГМА составила 66 (51–84) лет. Медиана числа предшествующих линий терапии – 1,5 (1–3), 12 пациентов имели ОМЛ из предшествующего миелодиспластического синдрома. Медиана срока наблюдения за пациентами составила 6,2 мес, при этом 20 пациентов наблюдались более 6 мес. Полная ремиссия зарегистрирована у 13 (34 %), полная ремиссия с неполным восстановлением – у 8 (21 %), морфологическая ремиссия – у 2 (5 %) пациентов. Таким образом, общий ответ на лечение был получен у 23 (60 %) пациентов. Медиана времени до достижения общего ответа составила 2,6 мес. На момент итогового анализа лечение все еще получали 16 пациентов. Медиана безрецидивной выживаемости у пациентов с общим ответом не достигнута, медиана общей выживаемости составила 15,6 мес.Группы больных, получавших ВенГМА и монотерапию азацитидином, были сопоставимы по основным параметрам, за исключением исходной тромбоцитопении &lt;50 × 109/л, которая чаще выявлялась у пациентов группы ВенГМА (47 % против 20 %). Медиана времени до следующей терапии в группе ВенГМА составила 10,16 мес, в группе азацитидина – 6,7 мес (отношение рисков 2,02; 95 % доверительный интервал 1,15–3,5; p = 0,013). Медиана общей выживаемости в группе ВенГМА составила 15,6 мес, в группе азацитидина – 8,5 мес (отношение рисков 2,49; 95 % доверительный интервал 1,36–4,5; p = 0,0044). В многовариантном анализе факторов, ассоциированных с худшей общей выживаемостью (возраст &gt;65 лет, ОМЛ из миелодиспластического синдрома, вариант терапии), достоверное значение сохранялось только для ОМЛ из предшествующего миелодиспластического синдрома.<bold>Заключение</bold>. Результаты ретроспективного исследования показывают превосходство комбинации венетоклакса и азацитидина в терапии рецидивов ОМЛ в отношении как качества ремиссий, так и их длительности. Пациенты с рецидивами и первично-рефрактерным течением ОМЛ представляют собой выборку, обогащенную случаями неблагоприятного цитогенетического риска, а также часто представлена пациентами с отягощенным соматическим статусом. На сегодняшний использование режима ВенГМА позволяет найти оптимальный баланс между интенсивностью и токсичностью терапии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute myeloid leukemia</kwd><kwd>refractory</kwd><kwd>relapse</kwd><kwd>venetoclax</kwd><kwd>hypomethylating agents</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острый миелоидный лейкоз</kwd><kwd>рефрактерный</kwd><kwd>рецидив</kwd><kwd>венетоклакс</kwd><kwd>гипометилирующие препараты</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>National Cancer Institutes. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Available at: https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/amyl.html.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Appelbaum F.R., Gundacker H., Head D.R. et al. Age and acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2006;107(9):3481–5. 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