OncohematologyOncohematologyОнкогематология1818-83462413-4023Publishing House ABV Press72410.17650/1818-8346-2008-0-3-45-51HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATIONТРАНСПЛАНТАЦИЯ ГЕМОПОЭТИЧЕСКИХ СТВОЛОВЫХ КЛЕТОКRole of the regulatory T cells CD4+CD25+ and mesenchymal marrow stem cells in suppressing a graft versus host reactionРоль регуляторных Т-клеток CD4+CD25+ и мезенхимальных стволовых клеток костного мозга в подавлении реакции трансплантат против хозяинаKorsunskyI. A.КорсунскийИ. А.
Russian Federation

Moscow

Москва

RumyantsevA. G.РумянцевА. Г.
Russian Federation

Moscow

Москва

BykovskayaS. N.БыковскаяС. Н.
Russian Federation

Moscow

Москва

Federal Research Clinical Centre of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Russian Agency for Health CareФГУ ФНКЦ детской гематологии, онкологии и гематологии РосздраваLaboratory of Cell MonitoringЛаборатория клеточного мониторинга240820083455124112022241120222008https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/724

A graft versus host disease (GVHD) is one of the most serious complications occurring after allogeneic marrow cell transplantation. The investigation of the immune mechanisms responsible for the development of an acute GVHD has revealed a critical role of the regulatory T cells CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ that are responsible for the suppression of the function of effector rejection mechanisms, including the inhibition of the cytotoxic T lymphocytes CD8+, Т- helper cells CD4+CD25, natural killer cells and others that damage the host cells. Animal experiments have indicated the leading role of regulatory T cells in the initiation of GVHD. A number of human studies have analysed a correlation between the levels of the regulatory T cells CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ in the graft and/or blood of a recipient and the further occurrence of acute or chronic GVHD. The severity of an allogeneic GVHD is inversely related to the low expression of Foxp3.Besides regulatory T cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a significant immunosuppressive effect that has been demonstrated in the animal experiments and in the clinical trials in patients. MSCs do not only prevent the development of a GVHD, but may be used for the treatment of a just incipient process. In the opinion of a number of authors, MSCs prevent the development of a GVHD by directly affecting the induction of regulatory T cells in vivo.

Реакция трансплантат против хозяина (РТПХ) — одно из самых тяжелых осложнений, возникающих после пересадки клеток аллогенного костного мозга. Изучение иммунных механизмов развития острой РТПХ выявило критическую роль регуляторных Т-клеток CD4+CD25+Foxp3+, ответственных за подавление функции эффекторных механизмов отторжения, включая ингибирование цитотоксических Т-лимфоцитов CD8+, Т-хелперов CD4+CD25, естественных киллеров и других клеток, направленных на повреждение клеток хозяина. В экспериментах на животных показана ведущая роль Т-регуляторов в инициации РТПХ. В ряде исследований у человека проанализирована корреляция между содержанием Т-рег CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ в трансплантате и/или крови реципиента и последующим развитием острой или хронической РТПХ. Тяжесть аллогенной РТПХ обратно пропорциональна низкой экспрессии Foxp3.Помимо регуляторных Т-клеток, мезенхимальные стволовые клетки (МСК) обладают выраженным иммуносупрессивным эффектом, который продемонстрирован в экспериментах на животных и при клинических испытаниях у больных. МСК не только предотвращают развитие РТПХ, но и могут быть использованы для лечения уже начавшегося процесса. По мнению ряда авторов, МСК предотвращают развитие РТПХ, оказывая непосредственное влияние на индукцию регуляторных Т-клеток in vivo.

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