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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Oncohematology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Oncohematology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкогематология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8346</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-4023</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">595</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8346-2022-17-4-118-125</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEW DIRECTIONS, DIAGNOSTIC OPPORTUNITIES, AND TREATMENT ADVANCES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НОВЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ, ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ДИАГНОСТИКИ И УСПЕХИ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Comparison of fragment analysis and PCR electrophoresis methods for the detection of FLT3‑ITD mutations in patients with acute myeloid leukemia</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сравнение методов фрагментного анализа и ПЦР-электрофореза для обнаружения мутаций FLT3‑ITD у пациентов с острым миелоидным лейкозом</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1323-2612</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maslyukova</surname><given-names>I. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маслюкова</surname><given-names>И. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>79 Svobodnyy Prospekt, Krasnoyarsk 660041</p><p>26 Kolomenskaya St., Krasnoyarsk 660037</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>660041 Красноярск, Свободный пр-кт, 79</p><p>660037 Красноярск, ул. Коломенская, 26</p></bio><email>lejsmie@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1063-7702</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurochkin</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курочкин</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>79 Svobodnyy Prospekt, Krasnoyarsk 660041</p><p>26 Kolomenskaya St., Krasnoyarsk 660037</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>660041 Красноярск, Свободный пр-кт, 79</p><p>660037 Красноярск, ул. Коломенская, 26</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2504-7265</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Martynova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартынова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3a Partizana Zheleznyaka St., Krasnoyarsk 660022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>660022 Красноярск, ул. Партизана Железняка, 3а</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6465-9942</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakhtina</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бахтина</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3a Partizana Zheleznyaka St., Krasnoyarsk 660022</p><p>1 Partizana Zheleznyaka St., Krasnoyarsk 660022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>660022 Красноярск, ул. Партизана Железняка, 3а</p><p>660022 Красноярск, ул. Партизана Железняка, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7790-5033</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Subbotina</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Субботина</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>79 Svobodnyy Prospekt, Krasnoyarsk 660041</p><p>26 Kolomenskaya St., Krasnoyarsk 660037</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>660041 Красноярск, Свободный пр-кт, 79</p><p>660037 Красноярск, ул. Коломенская, 26</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Siberian Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Сибирский федеральный университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Siberian Research and Clinical Center, Federal Medical and Biological Agency</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Федеральный Сибирский научно-клинический центр Федерального медико-биологического агентства»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Regional Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">КГБУЗ «Краевая клиническая больница»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Красноярский государственный медицинский университет им. проф. В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-11-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>118</fpage><lpage>125</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-11-07"><day>07</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-11-07"><day>07</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/595">https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/595</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. The presence of the FLT3-ITD mutations in patients with AML serves as a marker of poor prognosis, which is included in the ELN 2017 risk stratification guideline. The main criterion for dividing patients into groups according to the predicted outcomes was the allelic ratio (AR) with a cutoff of 0.5: an AR value &lt;0.5 is considered low, and ≥0.5 is considered high. At the same time, if the importance of AR determination is beyond doubt, the value of information about the length of the repeat and localization is still controversial. There are two common approaches for FLT3-ITD screening. The first, more accessible and cheaper method is the method of pCR electrophoresis and the second, more expensive and requiring special equipment, is the fragment analysis method, which allows not only to detect a mutation and determine the repeat length, but also to quantify or calculate AR.Aim. To compare fragment analysis and pCR electrophoresis in the search for the FLT3-ITD mutations in dNA samples from AML patients.Materials and methods. for the period of 2020–2022 fragment analysis and pCR electrophoresis were used to analyze blood and/or bone marrow samples taken from 45 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of AML who were treated at the Regional Clinical Hospital (Krasnoyarsk). Confirmation and identification of the FLT3-ITD mutations was performed by means of Sanger sequencing.Results. both methods revealed the FLT3-ITD mutations in 11 (24.45 %) patients among the 45 patients studied. According to the results of fragment analysis, the median repeat length was 42.70 base pairs (range 26.01–99.84 base pairs), AR was 0.532 (0.027–3.328), and the allelic frequency (Af) was 34.71 (2.67–76.90) %. Three different ITds were identified in one sample. Sanger sequencing identified mutations in 9 of 11 patients.Conclusion. fragment analysis and pCR electrophoresis showed similar results when analyzing samples with different ITd lengths and with different allelic ratios. but it can be assumed that in the case of a small ITd and low AR and Af values, when using pCR electrophoresis, the mutant allele will not be visualized, which can lead to a false negative result. The disadvantage of using the pCR electrophoresis method is also that without the use of special programs that allow determining the size and intensity of the band corresponding to the mutant allele, it is impossible to determine the AR value, which is important for AML risk stratification. Thus, for detection of the FLT3-ITD we recommend using the fragment analysis method.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Введение. Наличие мутаций FLT3-ITD у пациентов с острым миелоидным лейкозом служит маркером плохого прогноза, который включен в перечень для стратификации риска ELN 2017 г. Основным критерием для разделения пациентов на группы по прогнозируемым исходам стало аллельное соотношение (allelic ratio, AR) с границей 0,5: показатель AR &lt;0,5 считается низким, ≥0,5 – высоким. при этом если важность определения AR не вызывает сомнения, то значение информации о длине повтора и локализации все еще остается спорным. Распространены 2 подхода к скринингу FLT3-ITD. первый – более доступный и дешевый метод полимеразной цепной реакции (пЦР) с электрофоретической детекцией, второй – более дорогостоящий и требующий наличия специального оборудования метод фрагментного анализа, позволяющий не только обнаружить мутацию и определить длину повтора, но и провести количественную оценку, т. е. рассчитать AR.Цель исследования – сравнить методы фрагментного анализа и пЦР-электрофореза при поиске мутаций FLT3-ITD в образцах ДНК от пациентов с диагнозом острого миелоидного лейкоза.Материалы и методы. За период 2020–2022 гг. методами фрагментного анализа и пЦР-электрофореза были проанализированы образцы крови и/или костного мозга от 45 пациентов с подтвержденным диагнозом острого миелоидного лейкоза, получавших лечение в Краевой клинической больнице г. Красноярска. подтверждение и идентификацию мутаций FLT3-ITD проводили секвенированием по Сэнгеру.Результаты. Среди 45 пациентов оба метода позволили выявить мутации FLT3-ITD у 11 (24,45 %) пациентов. по результатам фрагментного анализа медиана длины повтора составила 42,70 (26,01–99,84) пары оснований, AR – 0,532 (0,027– 3,328), уровень аллельной нагрузки (allelic frequency, Af) – 34,71 (2,67–76,90) %. В 1 образце выявлено 3 разных ITd. Секвенирование по Сэнгеру позволило идентифицировать мутации у 9 из 11 пациентов.Заключение. фрагментный анализ и пЦР-электрофорез показали сходные результаты при оценке образцов с разной длиной ITd и разным AR. Можно предполагать, что в случае небольшого размера ITd и низких значений AR и Af при использовании пЦР-электрофореза мутантный аллель не будет визуализироваться, что может привести к получению ложноотрицательного результата. Недостатком использования метода пЦР-электрофореза является также то, что без применения специальных программ, позволяющих определить размер и интенсивность свечения полосы, соответствующей мутантному аллелю, нельзя определить значение AR, что важно для стратификации риска острого миелоидного лейкоза. Таким образом, для обнаружения FLT3-ITD мы рекомендуем использовать метод фрагментного анализа.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fragment analysis</kwd><kwd>pCR electrophoresis</kwd><kwd>FLT3-ITD</kwd><kwd>acute myeloid leukemia</kwd><kwd>Sanger sequencing</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фрагментный анализ</kwd><kwd>пЦР-электрофорез</kwd><kwd>FLT3-ITD</kwd><kwd>острый миелоидный лейкоз</kwd><kwd>секвенирование по Сэнгеру</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Sakaguchi M., Nakajima N., Yamaguchi H. et al. 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