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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Oncohematology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Oncohematology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкогематология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8346</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-4023</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">562</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8346-2022-17-3-89-97</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RARE AND COMPLEX CLINICAL SITUATIONS: DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT CHOICE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕДКИЕ И СЛОЖНЫЕ КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ СИТУАЦИИ: ДИАГНОСТИКА И ВЫБОР ТАКТИКИ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Hemophagocytic syndrome associated with leishmaniasis: case report</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вторичный гемофагоцитарный синдром как осложнение висцерального лейшманиоза: клиническое наблюдение</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2985-0503</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Potapenko</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Потапенко</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vsevolod G. Potapenko.</p><p>3 Prospekt Dinamo, Saint-Petersburg 197110.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Потапенко Всеволод Геннадьевич.</p><p>197110 Санкт-Петербург, пр-кт Динамо, 3.</p></bio><email>potapenko.vsevolod@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonov</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонов</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3 Mirgorodskaya St., Saint-Petersburg 191167.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>191167 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Миргородская, 3.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinogradova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виноградова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3 Mirgorodskaya St., Saint-Petersburg 191167.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>191167 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Миргородская, 3.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Doguzhieva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Догужиева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3 Mirgorodskaya St., Saint-Petersburg 191167.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>191167 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Миргородская, 3.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7972-1286</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karev</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карев</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>9 Professora Popova St., Saint-Petersburg 197022.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197022 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, 9.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karamurzin</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карамурзин</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>41 Kirochnaya St., Saint-Petersburg 191015.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>191015 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, 41.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kachenya</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каченя</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3 Mirgorodskaya St., Saint-Petersburg 191167.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>191167 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Миргородская, 3.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9890-0108</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimovich</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Климович</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3 Prospekt Dinamo, Saint-Petersburg 197110.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197110 Санкт-Петербург, пр-кт Динамо, 3.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-7306</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlov</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлов</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6 Akademika Lebedeva St., Saint-Petersburg 194044.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>194044 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9872-0326</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krivolapov</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Криволапов</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>41 Kirochnaya St., Saint-Petersburg 191015.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>191015 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, 41.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4998-3699</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lapin</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лапин</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6—8 L’va Tolstogo St., Saint-Petersburg 197022.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197022 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6—8.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9630-257X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pervakova</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Первакова</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6—8 L’va Tolstogo St., Saint-Petersburg 197022.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197022 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6—8.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Potikhonova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Потихонова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>16 2<sup>nd</sup> Sovetskaya St., Saint-Petersburg 191024.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>191024 Санкт-Петербург, ул. 2-я Советская, 16.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedunyak</surname><given-names>I. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федуняк</surname><given-names>И. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3 Mirgorodskaya St., Saint-Petersburg 191167; 41 Kirochnaya St., Saint-Petersburg 191015.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>191167 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Миргородская, 3191015; Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, 41.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4350-4204</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Medvedeva</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Медведева</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3 Prospekt Dinamo, Saint-Petersburg 197110.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197110 Санкт-Петербург, пр-кт Динамо, 3.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">City Clinical Hospital No. 31</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Городская клиническая больница № 31</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">S.P. Botkin Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Клиническая инфекционная больница им. С.П. Боткина</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Children's Scientific and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Federal Medical and Biological Agency</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Детский научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Ministry of Defense of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова Минобороны России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.P. Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, Federal Medical and Biological Agency</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научно-исследовательский институт гематологии и трансфузиологии Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-07-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>89</fpage><lpage>97</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-07-20"><day>20</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-07-20"><day>20</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/562">https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/562</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Secondary hemophagocytic syndrome (sHLH) is a hyperinflammatory reaction which manifests with fever, cytopenia and organ damage. possible causes of sHLH include leishmaniasis.  The article describes a clinical case of sHLH in patient with visceral leishmaniasis. A female 30 years old developed hectic daily fever up to 40 °C, pancytopenia, cytolytic syndrome, hyperferritin- and hypertriglyceridemia, immunoglobulin G to capsid antigens of the Epstein-Barr virus, enlarged liver and spleen a one and a half month after returning from Spain. based on the HLH-2004 and H-Score criteria, a sHLH was diagnosed, presumably associated with the Epstein-Barr virus. Immunosuppressive treatment with dexamethasone, cyclosporin-A and etoposide was started under the HLH-2004 program. Apyrexia, reduction of splenomegaly and resolution of cytolysis were achieved. The fever resumed 20 days after the start of chemotherapy, the spleen enlarged again, and therefore a diagnostic splenectomy was performed. Morphological analysis of the removed spleen revealed leishmania. After amphotericin-B therapy, the patient recovered.  Chemotherapy of sHLH led to a temporary improvement for a period sufficient to verify the diagnosis and conducting of successful treatment.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Вторичный гемофагоцитарный синдром (ВГФС) - реакция гипервоспаления, которая сопровождается лихорадкой, цитопенией, полиорганной недостаточностью. к возможным причинам ВГФС относится лейшманиоз. представлено клиническое наблюдение пациентки 30 лет с висцеральным лейшманиозом. Через 1,5 мес после возвращения из Испании у пациентки появилась гектическая ежедневная лихорадка до 40 °С. при обследовании выявлены панцитопения, цитолитический синдром, гиперферритинемия и гипертриглицеридемия, иммуноглобулины класса G к капсидным антигенам вируса эпштейна-Барр, увеличение размеров печени и селезенки. На основании критериев HLH-2004 и H-Score диагностирован ВГФС, предположительно ассоциированный с вирусом эпштейна-Барр. Начато иммуносупрессивное лечение дексаметазоном, циклоспорином А и этопозидом на основе программы HLH-2004. достигнуты апирексия, уменьшение спленомегалии и разрешение цитолиза. Через 20 дней после начала химиотерапии возобновилась лихорадка и повторно отмечено увеличение селезенки. Выполнена диагностическая спленэктомия. при морфологическом анализе биоптата удаленной селезенки выявлены лейшмании. после терапии амфотерицином В наступило выздоровление.</p><p>Сложности лабораторной диагностики, нетипичный возраст больной стали основными причинами длительного диагностического поиска висцерального лейшманиоза. цитостатическая иммуносупрессивная терапия позволила временно купировать проявления ВГФС.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hemophagocytic syndrome</kwd><kwd>leishmaniasis</kwd><kwd>ferritin</kwd><kwd>etoposide</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гемофагоцитарный синдром</kwd><kwd>лейшманиоз</kwd><kwd>ферритин</kwd><kwd>этопозид</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maschan M.A. Molecular genetic diagnosis and differential therapy of histiocytic proliferative diseases in children. 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