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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Oncohematology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Oncohematology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкогематология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8346</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-4023</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">517</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8346-2022-17-1-26-36</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES: TREATMENT</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ГЕМОБЛАСТОЗОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The role of pomalidomide in treatment of relapse and refractory multiple myeloma</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль помалидомида в лечении рецидивирующих и рефрактерных форм множественной миеломы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1784-0375</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Voloshin</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волошин</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Sergey V</bold><bold>.</bold><bold> Voloshin</bold></p><p><italic>162nd Sovetskaya St., Saint-Petersburg 191024, </italic></p><p><italic>6 Akademika Lebedeva St., Saint-Petersburg 194044</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Сергей Владимирович Волошин </bold></p><p><italic>191024 Санкт-Петербург, ул. 2-я Советская, 16</italic><italic>,</italic></p><p><italic>194044 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6</italic></p></bio><email>servolos@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Linnikov</surname><given-names>S. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Линников</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>162nd Sovetskaya St., Saint-Petersburg 191024</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>191024 Санкт-Петербург, ул. 2-я Советская, 16</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0946-383X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Garifullin</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гарифуллин</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>162nd Sovetskaya St., Saint-Petersburg 191024, </italic></p><p><italic>7–9 Universitetskaya Naberezhnaya, Saint-Petersburg 199034, </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>191024 Санкт-Петербург, ул. 2-я Советская, 16</italic><italic>,</italic></p><p><italic>199034 Санкт-Петербург, Университетская набережная, 7–9</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzyaeva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузяева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>162nd Sovetskaya St., Saint-Petersburg 191024</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>191024 Санкт-Петербург, ул. 2-я Советская, 16</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shmidt</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шмидт</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>162nd Sovetskaya St., Saint-Petersburg 191024</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>191024 Санкт-Петербург, ул. 2-я Советская, 16</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-9041</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuvshinov</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кувшинов</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>162nd Sovetskaya St., Saint-Petersburg 191024</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>191024 Санкт-Петербург, ул. 2-я Советская, 16</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogdanov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богданов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>7–9 Universitetskaya Naberezhnaya, Saint-Petersburg 199034, </italic></p><p><italic>9 Borisova St., Sestroretsk, Saint-Petersburg 197706</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>199034 Санкт-Петербург, Университетская набережная, 7–9</italic><italic>,</italic></p><p><italic>197706 Санкт-Петербург, Сестрорецк, ул. Борисова, 9</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2135-2051</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhileva</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михалева</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>162nd Sovetskaya St., Saint-Petersburg 191024</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>191024 Санкт-Петербург, ул. 2-я Советская, 16</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Martynkevich</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартынкевич</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>162nd Sovetskaya St., Saint-Petersburg 191024</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>191024 Санкт-Петербург, ул. 2-я Советская, 16</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zenina</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зенина</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>162nd Sovetskaya St., Saint-Petersburg 191024</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>191024 Санкт-Петербург, ул. 2-я Советская, 16</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sidorkevich</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сидоркевич</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>162nd Sovetskaya St., Saint-Petersburg 191024</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>191024 Санкт-Петербург, ул. 2-я Советская, 16</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, Federal Medical and Biological Agency</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Российский научно-исследовательский институт гематологии и трансфузиологии Федерального медико-биологического агентства»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">C.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Ministry of Defense of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова» Минобороны России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">City Hospital No. 40 of the Kurortny District</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">СПб ГБУЗ «Городская больница №40 Курортного района»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-01-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>26</fpage><lpage>36</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-01-29"><day>29</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-01-29"><day>29</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/517">https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/517</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background</bold>. Over the past 15 years, the therapeutic breakthrough in the treatment of multiple myeloma observed primarily due to the emergence of new drugs. Since the characteristic of the disease is a chronic course with consecutive periods of remissions and relapses, the search for new effective treatment options with each subsequent relapse/progression is critical to increasing the survival of patients.</p><p><bold>Objective</bold>: to evaluate the role of pomalidomide in the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>. The results’ analysis of using pomalidomide-based treatment (Pd (pomalidomide/dexamethasone), PVd (pomalidomide/bortezomib/dexamethasone), KPd (carfilzomib/pomalidomide/dexamethasone), IxaPd (ixazomib/pomalidomide/dexamethasone), DaraPd (daratumumab/pomalidomide/dexamethasone), IsaPd (isatuximab/ pomalidomide/dexamethasone), EloPd (elotuzumab/pomalidomide/dexamethasone)) in pretreated patients, including own data, was done. Based on the RosNIIGT FMBA of Russia, 17 patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma were treated; the frequency of achieving a response and the development of adverse events was estimated; the possibility of pomalidomide dose reducing with the development of adverse events was described without an apparent decrease of effectiveness.</p><p><bold>Results.</bold> The frequency of the overall response in using pomalidomide-based programs was 53 % (according to the world data, from 38 to 82 %). This drug is recommended for patients with multiple myeloma, even accompanied by the final stages of renal failure. The most frequent adverse event was grade III–IV neutropenia (30 % of patients). In 3 patients, the dosage of pomalidomide was adjusted with a decrease to 2 mg per day. In 2 patients, therapy was discontinued due to pulmonary embolism and bilateral pneumonia. After three courses of DaraPd, one patient achieved a complete response and underwent autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.</p><p><bold>Conclusion</bold>. Pomalidomide-based programs in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma are an effective treatment option. Using dose-adjusted pomalidomide after the occurrence of neutropenia makes it possible to normalize the neutrophils level (more than 1 × 109/l) and continue anti-myeloma therapy, preserving the therapeutic effect and in individual patients with unfavorable prognosis factors to conduct high-dose therapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. Терапевтический «прорыв» в лечении множественной миеломы, наблюдаемый в течение последних 15 лет, в значительной степени обусловлен появлением новых лекарственных препаратов. Поскольку заболевание характеризуется хроническим течением с последовательными периодами ремиссий и рецидивов, поиск новых эффективных вариантов лечения при каждом последующем рецидиве/прогрессировании является критически важным для увеличения выживаемости больных.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – оценить роль помалидомида в лечении рецидивирующих/рефрактерных форм множественной миеломы.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. Проведен анализ результатов использования помалидомидсодержащих программ лечения (Pd (помалидомид/дексаметазон), PVd (помалидомид/бортезомиб/дексаметазон), KPd (карфилзомиб/помалидомид/ дексаметазон), IxaPd (иксазомиб/помалидомид/дексаметазон), DaraPd (даратумумаб/помалидомид/дексаметазон), IsaPd (изатуксимаб/помалидомид/дексаметазон), EloPd (элотузумаб/помалидомид/дексаметазон)) у предлеченных больных, в том числе на основании собственных данных. На базе Российского научно-исследовательского института гематологии и трансфузиологии ФМБА проведено лечение 17 больных с рецидивирующим/рефрактерным течением множественной миеломы, оценена частота достижения ответа и развития нежелательных явлений, описана возможность редукции дозы помалидомида без явного снижения эффективности.</p><p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Частота общего ответа при использовании помалидомидсодержащих программ составила 53 % (в мировой литературе – 38–86 %). Данный препарат рекомендован пациентам с множественной миеломой, в том числе сопровождающейся поздними стадиями почечной недостаточности. Наиболее частым нежелательным явлением была нейтропения III–IV степеней (у 30 % пациентов). У 3 пациентов проводилась коррекция дозировки помалидомида (со снижением до 2 мг/сут) и у 2 пациентов терапия была прекращена в связи с развитием тромбоэмболии легочной артерии и двусторонней пневмонии. У 1 пациента после 3 курсов DaraPd достигнут полный ответ и проведена аутологичная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток.</p><p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Применение помалидомидсодержащих программ у пациентов с рецидивирующим/рефрактерным течением множественной миеломы является эффективным. Снижение дозы помалидомида при развитии нейтропении позволяет нормализовать уровень нейтрофилов (&gt;1 × 109/л) и продолжить противомиеломную терапию, сохранить терапевтический эффект и у отдельных больных, имеющих факторы неблагоприятного прогноза, провести высокодозную терапию с аутологичной трансплантацией гемопоэтических стволовых клеток.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>multiple myeloma</kwd><kwd>pomalidomide</kwd><kwd>autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation</kwd><kwd>neutropenia</kwd><kwd>hematological toxicity</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>множественная миелома</kwd><kwd>помалидомид</kwd><kwd>аутологичная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток</kwd><kwd>нейтропения</kwd><kwd>гематологическая токсичность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Rollig C., Knop S., Bornhauser M. Multiple myeloma. Lancet 2015;385(9983):2197–208. 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