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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Oncohematology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Oncohematology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкогематология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8346</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-4023</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">487</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8346-2021-16-3-50-57</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF MULTIPLE MYELO</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ МНОЖЕСТВЕННОЙ МИЕЛОМЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Plasma cell tumors of the head and neck. Analysis of diagnostic difficulties based on literature and own data</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Плазмоклеточные опухоли головы и шеи. Анализ сложностей диагностики по данным литературы и собственным результатам</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6832-9780</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kamolova</surname><given-names>F. Sh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Камолова</surname><given-names>Ф. Ш.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Fazilatkhon Sh. Kamolova </bold></p><p><italic>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Фазилатхон Шарабиддиновна Камолова </bold></p><p><italic>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</italic></p></bio><email>fazilatdr@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9103-9688</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grivtsova</surname><given-names>L. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гривцова</surname><given-names>Л. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>10 Marshala Zhukova St., Obninsk 249031</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>249031 Обнинск, ул. Маршала Жукова, 10</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3095-4158</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Samborskiy</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самборский</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>10 Marshala Zhukova St., Obninsk 249031</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>249031 Обнинск, ул. Маршала Жукова, 10</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3128-8102</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Larionova</surname><given-names>V. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ларионова</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8443-8816</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryabukhina</surname><given-names>Yu. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рябухина</surname><given-names>Ю. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>111 1<sup>st</sup> Uspenskoe Shosse, Lapino, Moscow region 143081</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>143081 Московская обл., д. Лапино, 1-е Успенское шоссе, 111 </italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1564-424X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zeynalova</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зейналова</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>111 1<sup>st</sup> Uspenskoe Shosse, Lapino, Moscow region 143081</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>143081 Московская обл., д. Лапино, 1-е Успенское шоссе, 111 </italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0918-3857</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mudunov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мудунов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A.F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Медицинский радиологический научный центр им. А.Ф. Цыба – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Clinical Hospital “Lapino” of the “Mother and Child” Group of companies</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Клинический госпиталь «Лапино» группы компаний «Мать и дитя»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-09-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>50</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-09-09"><day>09</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-09-09"><day>09</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/487">https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/487</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background</bold>. Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EP) of soft tissues, which in most cases affects the organs of the head and neck region, is a relatively rare malignant tumor. Until now, there are no consensus approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of EP. Differentiating EP from other types of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas is difficult. There are difficulties in the differential diagnosis of EP and carcinomas in the head and neck region. Given the rare occurrence of this nosological form, the frequency of diagnostic errors is quite high, which dictates the need for a thorough description of each head and neck EP case.</p><p><bold>Objective of the study</bold>: analysis of possible difficulties and reasons for incorrect interpretation of diagnostic data, and treatment for head and neck EP.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>. Clinical and morphoimmunological data of 97 primary patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (B-NHLs) of the head-neck region were analyzed.</p><p><bold>Results</bold>. In our cohort we identified 2 tumor cases of a plasma cell nature, which amounted to 2 % among all B-NHLs. In one case, the process was located in the nasal cavity and clinically manifested itself with nosebleeds. The second case is a lesion of the mouth floor, primarily with the ulcer formation. In the first cases, at diagnosis, the immunohistochemistry (IHC) test was performed after patient’s chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which distorted the tumor immunophenotype. In the second cases with extensive process in maxillary sinuses, a complete and very detailed IHC test was carried out; however the data did not allow for a definitive diagnosis. Difficulties apparently arose in the interpretation of CD38 expression – main marker of plasmacytic line cells, as well as due to the unusual morphology.</p><p><bold>Conclusion</bold>. The described diagnostic situations dictate the need for a comprehensive algorithm in the diagnosis of head and neck tumors. It is advisable to perform an extended morpho-immunophenotypic study of the tumor (IHC, immunocytology, flow cytometry, etc.), if a tumor of a plasma cell nature is suspected, a morpho-immunological study of the bone marrow is indicated.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. Экстрамедуллярная плазмоцитома (ЭП) мягких тканей, которая в большинстве случаев поражает органы головы и шеи, является достаточно редкой злокачественной опухолью. Консенсусные подходы к диагностике и лечению ЭП отсутствуют. Достаточно сложно дифференцировать ЭП и другие типы неходжкинских лимфом. Есть сложности и при дифференциальной диагностике ЭП и карцином в области головы и шеи. С учетом редкой встречаемости данной нозологической формы частота диагностических ошибок достаточно высока, что диктует необходимость тщательного описания каждого случая ЭП головы и шеи.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – анализ сложностей и причин ошибочной трактовки данных диагностических исследований и тактики при ЭП области головы и шеи.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. Проанализированы клинические и морфоиммунологические данные 97 первичных пациентов с В-клеточными неходжкинскими лимфомами области головы и шеи.</p><p><bold>Результаты</bold>. В нашей выборке выявлено 2 случая опухоли плазмоклеточной природы (2 % среди всех В-клеточных неходжкинских лимфом). В первом случае процесс поражал полость носа и клинически проявился носовыми кровотечениями. Во втором случае было поражение дна полости рта с образованием язвенного дефекта. В первом клиническом наблюдении при постановке диагноза иммуногистохимическое исследование выполнялось на фоне проведенного химиолучевого лечения, что исказило иммунофенотип опухоли. Во втором случае с достаточно распространенным процессом в области гайморовых пазух было проведено полное и очень детальное иммуногистохимическое исследование, однако данные не позволили сформулировать диагноз однозначно. Сложности, возможно, возникли при трактовке экспрессии основного маркера клеток плазмоцитарной линии CD38 и из-за нетипичной морфологии.</p><p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Описанные диагностические ситуации диктуют необходимость комплексного алгоритма при диагностике опухолей головы и шеи. Целесообразно выполнение широкого морфоиммунофенотипического исследования субстрата опухоли (иммуногистохимия, иммуноцитология, проточная цитометрия и др.), при подозрении на опухоль плазмоклеточной природы показано морфоиммунологическое исследование костного мозга.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>extramedullary plasmocytoma</kwd><kwd>head and neck tumors</kwd><kwd>immunohistochemistry</kwd><kwd>diagnostics</kwd><kwd>extraosseous plasmocytoma</kwd><kwd>immunophenotype</kwd><kwd>plasma cell tumor</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экстрамедуллярная плазмоцитома</kwd><kwd>опухоль головы и шеи</kwd><kwd>иммуногистохимия</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>внекостная плазмоцитома</kwd><kwd>иммунофенотип</kwd><kwd>плазмоклеточная опухоль</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. Swerdlow S.H. 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