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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Oncohematology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Oncohematology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкогематология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8346</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-4023</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">459</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8346-2021-16-1-10-22</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF HEMOBLASTOSES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ГЕМОБЛАСТОЗОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Clinical characteristics and prognostic significance of extramedullary involvement in childhood acute myeloid leukemia</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клинические особенности и прогностическая значимость экстрамедуллярного поражения у детей с острым миелоидным лейкозом</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2968-4499</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ignatova</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Игнатова</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna Konstantinovna Ignatova.</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117198.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игнатова Анна Константиновна.</p><p>117198 Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1.</p></bio><email>ign_a95@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0813-5626</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinina</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калинина</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117198.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198 Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0183-1530</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Venev</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Венёв</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117198.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198 Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2958-1705</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Salimova</surname><given-names>T. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Салимова</surname><given-names>Т. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117198.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198 Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8610-0624</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Evseev</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евсеев</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117198.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198 Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sadovskaya</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Садовская</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117198.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198 Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8571-5395</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Goronkova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горонкова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117198.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198 Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8709-5238</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Matveev</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матвеев</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117198.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198 Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1258-8281</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrova</surname><given-names>U. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрова</surname><given-names>У. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117198.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198 Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonova</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонова</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117198.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198 Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7130-8596</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Baydildina</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Байдильдина</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117198.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198 Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8228-4876</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dubrovnaya</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дубровная</surname><given-names>М. Э.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117198.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198 Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Konyukhova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Конюхова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117198.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198 Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2352-7716</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Olshanskaya</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ольшанская</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117198.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198 Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3664-2876</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abramov</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абрамов</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117198.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198 Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1735-0093</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maschan</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масчан</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117198.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198 Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2322-5734</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novichkova</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новичкова</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117198.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198 Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0016-6698</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maschan</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масчан</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117198.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198 Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-04-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>10</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-04-13"><day>13</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-04-13"><day>13</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/459">https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/459</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background</bold>. Extramedullary infiltration (EI) is relatively common in children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (up to 20-25 %). However, its clinical and prognostic significance remains poorly understood.</p><p><bold>Objective</bold>: to describe clinical features and to define prognostic significance of EI in children with AML.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>. The subjects of retrospective observational study were 228 children with <italic>de novo</italic> AML. The median age was 6.6 years. All of them were treated according to the protocol AML-MM-2006 from April 2007 to June 2018.</p><p>All patients with EI were divided into three cohorts according to the localization of the lesions: 1) central nervous system (CNS) involvement (CNS group), 2) other localizations apart from CNS (myelosarcomas (MS) group), 3) combined lesions (CNS + MS group).</p><p><bold>Results</bold>. EI was diagnosed in 84 patients (36.84 %) with de novo AML. Among them 47 (55.95 %) had CNS involvement, 20 (23.81 %) had MS, 15 (17.86 %) had both CNS involvement and MS. 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was slightly higher in patients with CNS involvement than in children without EI - 80 ± 12 % vs 71 ± 9 %, p = 0.26, however OS in patients with MS was significantly lower - 45 ± 16 % vs 71 ± 9 %, <italic>p</italic> &lt;0.001. In addition, OS in high-risk patients according to the protocol AML-MM-2006 who underwent allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) without EI and with MS (± CNS involvement) was similar to OS in main groups - 81 ± 11 % and 42 ± 26 % respectively, <italic>p</italic> = 0.004. 5-year event-free survival in patients with MS was also lower than in children without EI - 38 ± 16 % vs 51 ± 8 %, <italic>p</italic> = 0.011.</p><p><bold>Conclusion</bold>. Patients with MS had worse 5-year OS and EFS than children without EI according to our study. Moreover allogenic HSCT conducted in first clinical remission did not improve the survival rate. Neuroleukemia as the only EI was not an unfavorable prognostic factor in our cohort of AML patients and was more often associated with inv(16).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. Несмотря на то что экстрамедуллярное поражение (ЭМП) при остром миелоидном лейкозе (ОМЛ) у детей встречается достаточно часто (в среднем в 20-25 % наблюдений), его клиническое значение и влияние на прогноз изучены недостаточно.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> - описание клинических особенностей и определение прогностической значимости ЭМП у детей с ОМЛ.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. Объектом ретроспективного сплошного обсервационного исследования стали 228 детей с ОМЛ <italic>de novo</italic> в возрасте от 10 дней до 18 лет (медиана 6,6 года), которые были включены в протокол ОМЛ-ММ-2006 с апреля 2007 г. по июнь 2018 г. Среди пациентов с ЭМП были выделены 3 подгруппы в зависимости от локализации поражения: 1) пациенты с поражением центральной нервной системы (ЦНС) (подгруппа ЦНС); 2) пациенты с любым ЭМП, кроме поражения ЦНС (подгруппа миелосаркомы (МС)); 3) пациенты с комбинированным поражением ЦНС и других локализаций (подгруппа ЦНС + МС).</p><p><bold>Результаты</bold>. На момент первичной диагностики ЭМП выявлено у 84 (36,84 %) пациентов. Среди них 47 (55,95 %) больных имели поражение ЦНС, у 20 (23,81 %) была диагностирована МС, 15 (17,86 %) имели комбинированное поражение ЦНС + МС.</p><p>Показатель 5-летней общей выживаемости в подгруппе ЦНС был несколько выше, чем у пациентов без ЭМП, - 80 ± 12 % против 71 ± 9 % (<italic>p</italic> = 0,26), в подгруппе МС (± ЦНС) оказался достоверно ниже - 45 ± 16 % против 71 ± 9 % (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0,001). При этом общая выживаемость в группах пациентов высокого риска без ЭМП и с наличием МС (± ЦНС), получивших трансплантацию гемопоэтических стволовых клеток по протоколу, значимо не отличалась от таковой в общих группах и составила 81 ± 11 и 42 ± 26 % соответственно (p = 0,004). В подгруппе МС (± ЦНС) 5-летняя бессобытийная выживаемость также была ниже, чем в группе без ЭМП, - 38 ± 16 % против 51 ± 8 % (<italic>p</italic> = 0,011).</p><p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Пациенты с МС в нашем исследовании имели худшие показатели 5-летней общей и бессобытийной выживаемости по сравнению с детьми без ЭМП, причем проведение аллогенной трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток в 1-й ремиссии не улучшало показатели выживаемости. Нейролейкоз как единственное ЭМП не являлся неблагоприятным прогностическим фактором в нашей когорте пациентов с ОМЛ и чаще ассоциировался с inv(16).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute myeloid leukemia</kwd><kwd>extramedullary infiltration</kwd><kwd>myeloid sarcoma</kwd><kwd>neuroleukemia</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острый миелоидный лейкоз</kwd><kwd>экстрамедуллярное поражение</kwd><kwd>миелосаркома</kwd><kwd>нейролейкоз</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Støve H.K., Sandahl J.D., Abrahamsson J. et al. Extramedullary leukemia in children with acute myeloid leukemia: a population-based cohort study from the Nordic Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology (NOPHO). Pediatr Blood Cancer 2017;64(12):10.1002/pb. 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