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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Oncohematology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Oncohematology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкогематология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8346</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-4023</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">445</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8346-2020-15-4-52-64</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RARE HEMATOLOGICAL DISEASES: DIAGNOSTIC DIFFICULTIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕДКИЕ ГЕМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ: ТРУДНОСТИ ДИАГНОСТИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Secondary hemophagocytic syndrome in adult patients. Study of 91 patients</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вторичный гемофагоцитарный синдром у взрослых больных Анализ 91 наблюдения</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2985-0503</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Potapenko</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Потапенко</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>3 Prospekt Dinamo, Saint-Petersburg 197110,</italic></p><p><italic>6–8 L’va Tolstogo St., Saint-Petersburg 197022</italic></p><p><italic/></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Всеволод Геннадьевич Потапенко </bold></p><p><italic>197110 Санкт-Петербург, проспект Динамо, 3,</italic></p><p><italic>197022 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6–8</italic></p></bio><email>potapenko.vsevolod@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimovich</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Климович</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>3 Prospekt Dinamo, Saint-Petersburg 197110</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>197110 Санкт-Петербург, проспект Динамо, 3</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9630-257X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pervakova</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Первакова</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>6–8 L’va Tolstogo St., Saint-Petersburg 197022</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>197022 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6–8</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4998-3699</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lapin</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лапин</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>6–8 L’va Tolstogo St., Saint-Petersburg 197022</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>197022 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6–8</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0736-1269</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Goloshchapov</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голощапов</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>6–8 L’va Tolstogo St., Saint-Petersburg 197022</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>197022 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6–8</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4077-3924</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Titov</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Титов</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>4 Novyy Zykovskiy Proezd, Moscow 125167</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>125167 Москва, Новый Зыковский проезд, 4</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5191-0221</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Surkova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суркова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>6–8 L’va Tolstogo St., Saint-Petersburg 197022</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>197022 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6–8</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavluchenko</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлюченко</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>41 Kirochnaya St., Saint-Petersburg 191015</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>191015 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, 41</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Potikhonova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Потихонова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>16 2-ya Sovetskaya St., Saint-Petersburg 191024, Russia</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>191024 Санкт-Петербург, ул. 2-я Советская, 16</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinogradova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виноградова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>3 Mirgorodskaya St., Saint-Petersburg 191167</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>191167 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Миргородская, 3</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Doguzhieva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Догужиева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>3 Mirgorodskaya St., Saint-Petersburg 191167</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>191167 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Миргородская, 3</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kachenya</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каченя</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>3 Mirgorodskaya St., Saint-Petersburg 191167</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>191167 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Миргородская, 3</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdoshina</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдошина</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>3 Mirgorodskaya St., Saint-Petersburg 191167</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>191167 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Миргородская, 3</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedunyak</surname><given-names>I. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федуняк</surname><given-names>И. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>3 Mirgorodskaya St., Saint-Petersburg 191167</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>191167 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Миргородская, 3</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1492-5939</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryabchikova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рябчикова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>3 Prospekt Dinamo, Saint-Petersburg 197110</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>197110 Санкт-Петербург, проспект Динамо, 3</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8349-9964</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulibaba</surname><given-names>T. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулибаба</surname><given-names>Т. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>7–9 Universitetskaya Naberezhnaya, Saint-Petersburg 199034</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>199034 Санкт-Петербург, Университетская набережная, 7–9</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7104-9181</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rysev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рысев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>3 Budapeshtskaya St., Saint-Petersburg 192242</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>192242 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Будапештская, 3</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karyagina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карягина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>4 Avangardnaya St., Saint-Petersburg 198205</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>198205 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Авангардная, 4 </italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Мedvedeva</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Медведева</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>3 Prospekt Dinamo, Saint-Petersburg 197110</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>197110 Санкт-Петербург, проспект Динамо, 3</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">City Clinical Hospital No. 31</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">СПб ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница №31»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.P. Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Centre for Hematology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр гематологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, Federal Biomedical Agency</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Российский научно-исследовательский институт гематологии и трансфузиологии ФМБА России»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">S.P. Botkin Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">СПб ГБУЗ «Клиническая инфекционная больница им. С.П. Боткина»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff8"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.I. Dzhanelidze Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Emergency Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУ «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. И.И. Джанелидзе»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff9"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">City Hospital No. 15</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">СПб ГБУЗ «Городская больница №15»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>64</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-12-06"><day>06</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-12-06"><day>06</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/445">https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/445</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background</bold>. Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohystiocytosis (sHLH) is a hyperinflammatory reaction provoked by some trigger (cancer, autoimmune or infection). The majority of affected patients are at high risk of fatal multiple organ failure without getting immunsupressive treatment.</p><p><bold>Objective</bold>. Clinical and laboratory profile of sHLH patients.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>. Retrospective study included clinical, instrumental and lab data from the 91 patients followed between June 2009 and June 2019. Diagnosis sHLH had been based on HLH-2004 and H-Score criteria. The analyzed parameters had been fever chart, liver and spleen enlargement, changes in the bone marrow; values levels of glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, triglycerides, total ferritin with percentage of glycosylation. All patients with rheumatic disorders or malignancies had received either immunosuppressive or cytotoxic therapy. Febrile patients received anti-infective treatment according to the local routine protocols.</p><p><bold>Results</bold>. The data from 91 patients (41 male and 50 female) had been analyzed. Median age was 58 (2–90) years. The sHLH trigger-diseases spectrum included leukemia/lymphoma (n = 52), infection diseases (n = 11), autoimmune disorders (n = 5), allogenic bone marrow transplantation (n = 13), unidentified (n = 10). A fever with an unknown origin and refractory to antibacterial treatment had been observed in 87 (96 %) patients. Morphological hemophagocytic evidences in the bone marrow had been found in 83 %. Breath shortening, liver failure, neurologic disturbances, systemic effusions, rash, heart failure had been registered in 83 % patients. Detected splenomegaly presented in 56 %. Laboratory changes, median were as following: serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (alanine aminotransferase, SGPT) – 92 (39.2–1060.8) IU/L; serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (aspartate aminotransferase, SGOT) – 105 (40–4177) IU/L; alkaline phosphatase – 225 (120.9–989) IU/L; bilirubin – 50.5 (22–559) µmol/L; triglycerides – 3.2 (1.95–8.6) mmol/L; total ferritin – 10000 (597–255000) ng/mL with glycosylation percentage – 20.45 (0–37.8) %. 71 patients received various of HLH-directed therapy courses. The overall survival rate was 27 %, median follow-up – 540 days.</p><p><bold>Conclusion</bold>. The main clinical and instrumental findings in sHLH are fever, refractory to anti-infective treatment, elevation of transaminases, serum alkaline phosphatase, triglycerides, total ferritine with low glycosylated fraction. Early diagnosing and immunesupression are the main factors of survival.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. Вторичный гемофагоцитарный синдром (ВГФС) – реакция избыточного системного воспаления, которая может быть осложнением онкологического, инфекционного или аутоиммунного заболевания. В отсутствие иммуносупрессивной терапии большинство больных погибают от полиорганной недостаточности.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – клинико-лабораторная характеристика группы больных с ВГФС.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. Исследование выполнено в период с июня 2009 г. по июнь 2019 г. Для верификации ВГФС использовали критерии HLH-2004 и H-Score. Изучены клинические и лабораторные проявления, а также результаты терапии больных с ВГФС. Все пациенты с коллагенозами и опухолевыми заболеваниями, приведшими к ВГФС, получали иммуносупрессивную и цитостатическую терапию, больные с лихорадкой – противоинфекционную терапию.</p><p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Проанализированы данные 91 больного (41 мужчина, 50 женщин), медиана возраста – 58 (2–90) лет. Причинами развития ВГФС были гемобластозы (n = 52), инфекции (n = 11), аутоиммунные заболевания (n = 5), аллогенная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (n = 13); причина не установлена у 10 больных. Фебрильная лихорадка без очага инфекции и эффекта от антибактериальной терапии наблюдалась у 96 % больных. Морфологическая картина гемофагоцитоза на миелограмме выявлена у 83 % больных. Органные поражения в виде респираторного дистресс-синдрома, различной неврологической симптоматики, печеночной недостаточности, полисерозита, сыпи, сердечно-сосудистой недостаточности в различных сочетаниях отмечены у 83 % больных, спленомегалия – у 56 %. Биохимические проявления включали цитолитический, холестатический синдромы, повышение концентраций триглицеридов и ферритина крови. Медианы результатов анализов: аланинаминотрансфераза – 92 (39,2–1060,8) МЕ/л; аспартатаминотрансфераза – 105 (40–4177) МЕ/л; билирубин – 50,5 (22–559) мкмоль/л; щелочная фосфатаза – 225 (120,9–989) МЕ/л; триглицериды – 3,2 (1,95–8,6) мкмоль/л; общий ферритин – 10000 (597–255000) нг/мл; снижение уровня гликозилированного ферритина – 20,45 (0–37,8) %. Иммуносупрессивная терапия проведена 71 больному. Общая выживаемость составила 27 % при медиане наблюдения 540 дней.</p><p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Основными проявлениями ВГФС были лихорадка, слабость, одышка, неврологическая симптоматика, повышение активности трансаминаз, щелочной фосфатазы, концентрации триглицеридов, ферритина со снижением гликозилированной фракции. Ранняя диагностика и проведение иммуносупрессивной терапии явились основными факторами выживаемости больных с ВГФС.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>haemophagocytic syndrome</kwd><kwd>ferritin</kwd><kwd>glycosylated ferritin</kwd><kwd>inflammation</kwd><kwd>etoposide</kwd><kwd>Epstein–Barr virus</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гемофагоцитарный синдром</kwd><kwd>ферритин</kwd><kwd>гликозилированный ферритин</kwd><kwd>воспаление</kwd><kwd>этопозид</kwd><kwd>вирус Эпштейна–Барр</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maschan M.A. Molecular genetic diagnosis and differentiated therapy of histiocytic proliferative diseases in children. Dissertation of doctor of medical sciences. Moscow, 2011. Pp. 1–62. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Масчан М.А. 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