<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Oncohematology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Oncohematology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкогематология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8346</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-4023</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">384</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8346-2019-14-4-59-66</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFECTION PROBLEMS IN ONCOHEMATOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОБЛЕМЫ ИНФЕКЦИЙ В ОНКОГЕМАТОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Breakthrough invasive candidiasis in pediatric patient with Ewing’s sarcoma: dinical case report and literature review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инвазивный кандидоз на фоне антифунгальной профилактики у ребенка с саркомой Юинга: описание клинического случая и обзор литературы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2003-0982</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dinikina</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Диникина</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2 Akkuratova St., Saint-Petersburg 197341; 2 Litovskaya St., Saint-Petersburg 194100</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Валерьевна Диникина</p><p>197341 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, 2; 194100Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, 2</p></bio><email>dinikina_yuv@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3272-5263</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shadrivova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шадривова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1/28 Sant'yago-de-Kuba St., Saint-Petersburg 194291</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>194291 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Сантьяго-де-Куба, 1/28</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7471-7181</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belogurova</surname><given-names>M. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белогурова</surname><given-names>М. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2 Akkuratova St., Saint-Petersburg 197341; 2 Litovskaya St., Saint-Petersburg 194100</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197341 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, 2; 194100Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, 2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ignatyeva</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Игнатьева</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1/28 Sant'yago-de-Kuba St., Saint-Petersburg 194291</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>194291 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Сантьяго-де-Куба, 1/28</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogomolova</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богомолова</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1/28 Sant'yago-de-Kuba St., Saint-Petersburg 194291</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>194291 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Сантьяго-де-Куба, 1/28</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6095-7531</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimko</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Климко</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1/28 Sant'yago-de-Kuba St., Saint-Petersburg 194291</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>194291 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Сантьяго-де-Куба, 1/28</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ«Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-12-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>59</fpage><lpage>66</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-12-22"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2019-12-22"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/384">https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/384</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>We presented clinical case of invasive candidiasis in 13 years old girl with Ewing's sarcoma during intensive treatment with combined chemotherapy according EWING 2008 protocol. The most significant risk factors were recurrent chemotherapy induced neutropenia gr IV, multifocal Candida colonization, prolonged central venous catheter use, combined antibiotic therapy in the previous &gt;10 days, parenteral nutrition. In spite of provided prophylaxis and antifungal therapy patient died because of progression of invasive candidiasis. We analyzed literature data on frequency of invasive candidiasis in children with Ewing's sarcoma and cases of breakthrough candidiasis in pediatric malignancies.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Представлен клинический случай инвазивного кандидоза, вызванного Candida albicans, у 13-летней пациентки с саркомой Юинга, получавшей интенсивную комбинированную химиотерапию согласно протоколу EWING 2008 и антифунгальную профилактику. Наиболее значимыми факторами риска были повторные эпизоды химиоиндуцированного агранулоцитоза, мультифокальная колонизация грибами рода Candida, длительное стояние центрального венозного катетера, комбинированная антибактериальная терапия (&gt;10 дней), парентеральное питание. Несмотря на проводимую антифунгальную профилактику и последующую антимикотическую терапию, летальный исход ассоциирован с прогрессирующим течением инвазивного кандидоза. Мы проанализировали данные литературы по частоте инвазивного кандидоза у детей с саркомой Юинга и случаи «прорывного» инвазивного кандидоза при онкологических заболеваниях у детей.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>oncology</kwd><kwd>Ewing's sarcoma</kwd><kwd>chemotherapy</kwd><kwd>candidiasis</kwd><kwd>invasive mycosis</kwd><kwd>echinocandins</kwd><kwd>antifungal therapy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>онкология</kwd><kwd>саркома Юинга</kwd><kwd>химиотерапия</kwd><kwd>кандидоз</kwd><kwd>инвазивный микоз</kwd><kwd>эхинокандины</kwd><kwd>антифунгальная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Craft A.W. Childhood cancer - mainly curable so where next? Acta Paediatr 2000;89(4):386-92. DOI: 10.1080/080352500750028041.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Alexander S., Pole J., Gibson P. et al. Classification of treatment-related mortality in children with cancer: a systematic assessment. Lancet Oncol 2015;16(16):e604—10. DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00197-7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Groll A., Castagnola E., Cesaro S. et al. Fourth European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia (ECIL-4): guidelines for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of invasive fungal diseases in pediatric patients with cancer or allogeneic hae-mopoietic stem-cell transplantation. Lancet Oncol 2014;15(8):e327-40. DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70017-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Zirkel J., Klinker H., Kuhn A. et al. Epidemiology of Candida blood stream infections in patients with hematological malignancies or solid tumors. Med My-col 2012;50(1):50—5. DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2011.587211.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Adamkiewicz-Drozynska E., Bien E., Ploszynska A. Invasive fungal infection in a child with Ewing’s sarcoma. Onco Rev 2017;1(25):A38-43. DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0009.7393.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dinikina Yu.V., Shadrivova O.V., Belogurova M.B. et al. Invasive aspergillosis in children and adolescents with solid tumors: clinical cases and registry analysis. Onkogema-tologiya = Oncohematology 2019;14(1):40-8. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Диникина Ю.В., Шадривова О.В., Белогурова М.Б. и др. Инвазивный аспергиллез у детей и подростков с солидными опухолями: описание клинических случаев и анализ регистра больных. Онкогематология 2019;14(1):40-8. DOI: 10.17650/1818-8346-2019-14-1-40-48.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Choi Y.B., Yi E.S., Kang J.M. et al. Infectious complications during tandem high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation for children with high-risk or recurrent solid tumors. PLoS ONE 2016;11(9):e0162178. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162178.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Zaoutis T.E., Argon J., Chu J. et al. The epidemiology and attributable outcomes of candidemia in adults and children hospitalized in the United States: a propensity analysis. Clin Infect Dis 2005;41(9):1232—9. DOI: 10.1086/496922.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Zaoutis T.E., Prasad P.A., Localio A.R. et al. Risk factors and predictors for can-didemia in pediatric intensive care unit patients: Implications for prevention. Clin Infect Dis 2010;51(5):e38—45. DOI: 10.1086/655698.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Cornely O.A., Hoenigl M., Lass-Florl C. et al. Defining breakthrough invasive fungal infection — position paper of the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium (MSG-ERC) and the European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM). Mycoses 2019;62(9):716-29. DOI: 10.1111/myc.12960.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>De Pauw B., Walsh T.J., Donnelly J.P. et al. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) Consensus Group. Revised definitions of invasive fungal disease from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/ Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) Consensus Group. Clin Infect Dis 2008;46(12):1813—21. DOI: 10.1086/588660.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Interregional Association of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. Clinical recommendations “Determination of microorganisms sensitivity to antimicrobial agents”, 2018-03 version. 206 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Межрегиональная ассоциация по клинической микробиологии и антимикробной химиотерапии. Клинические рекомендации «Определение чувствительности микроорганизмов к антимикробным препаратам», версия 2018-03. 206 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Kaatsh P., Strothotte J., Becker C. et al. Pediatric bone tumors in Germany from 1987 to 2011: incidence rates, time trends and survival. Acta Oncol 2016;55(9—10):1145—51. DOI: 10.1080/0284186X.2016.1195509.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Czyzewski K., Galazka P., Zalas-Wiecek P. et al. Infectious complications in children with malignant bone tumors: a multicenter nationwide study. Infect Drug Resist 2019;12:1471-80. DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S199657.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Yera H., Poulain D., Lefebvre A. et al. Polymicrobial candidaemia revealed by peripheral blood smear and chromogenic medium. J Clin Pathol 2004;57(2):196— 8. DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2003.9340.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Kim S.Y., Lim J.S., Kim D.H. et al. Candida tropicalis arthritis of the elbow in a patient with Ewing’s sarcoma that successfully responded to itraconazole. Korean J Pediatr 2011;54(9):385—8. DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2011.54.9.385.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Ridola V., Chachaty E., Raimondo G. et al. Candida infections in children treated with conventional chemotherapy for solid tumors (transplant recipients excluded): The Institut Gustave Roussy Pediatrics Department experience. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2004;42(4):332—7. DOI: 10.1002/pbc.10452.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Barlett A., Cann M., Yeoh D. et al. Epidemiology of invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised children; an Australian national 10-year review. Pedi-atr Blood Cancer 2019;66(4):e27564. DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27564.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Styczynski J., Czyzewski K., Wysocki M. et al. Increased risk of infections and infection-related mortality in children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation compared to conventional anticancer therapy: a multicenter nationwide study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2016;22(2):179.e1 —10. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.10.017.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>El-Mahallawy H.A., Attia I., Ali-El-Din N.H. et al. A prospective study on fungal infection in children with cancer. J Med Microbiol 2002;51(7):601 — 5. DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-51-7-601.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Celebi S., Hacimustafaoglu M., Oz-demir O., Ozkaya G. Nosocomial candi-daemia in children: results of a 9-year study. Mycoses 2008;51(3):248—57. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439 0507.2007.01464.x.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Alberth M., Majoros L., Kovalecz G. et al. Significance of oral Candida infections in children with cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2006;12(4):237—41. DOI: PAOR.2006.12.4.0237.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Pana Z., Roilides E., Warris A. et al. Epidemiology of invasive fungal disease in children. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2017;6(Suppl 1):S3—11. DOI: 10.1093/jpids/pix046.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Hawkshead J.J. 3rd, Van Dyke R.B., Hassig S.E. et al. Species-based comparison of disease severity and risk factors for disseminated Candida infections in pediatric patients. Infect Drug Resist 2016;9:59-70. DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S102490.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Mor M., Gilad G., Kornreich L. et al. Invasive fungal infections in pediatric oncology. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56(7):1092—7. DOI: 10.1002/pbc.23005.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Mullen C., Ei-Baki H., Samir H. et al. Non-albicans Candida is the most common cause of candidemia in pediatric cancer patients. Support Care Cancer 2003;11(5):321 — 5. DOI: 10.1007/s00520-003-0453-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Doring M., Eikemeier M., Cabanillas Stanchi K. et al. Antifungal prophylaxis with posaconazole vs. fluconazole or intraconazole in pediatric patients with neutropenia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2015;34(6):1189—200. DOI: 10.1007/s10096-015-2340-y.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Carr A., Berhe M., Colley P. Risk factors for Candidemia as Compared with patients with negative blood cultures placed on empiric micafungin. OFID, Poster abstracts 2017;4(1):S79.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Hirano R., Sakamoto Y., Kitazawa J. et al. Epidemiology, practice patterns, and prognostic factors for candidemia; and characteristics of fourteen patients with breakthrough Candida bloodstream infections: a single tertiary hospital experience in Japan. Infect Drug Resist 2018;11:821-33. DOI: 10.2147/IDR. S156633.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Robenshtok E., Gafter-Gvili A., Goldberg E. et al. Antifungal prophylaxis in cancer patients after chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation: systemic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol 2007;25(34):5471 — 89. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2007.12.3851.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Hope W., Castagnola E., Groll A. et al. ESCMMID* guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: Prevention and management of invasive infections in neonates and children caused by Candida spp. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012;18(Suppl 7):38—52. DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12040.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Pfeiffer C., Garcia-Effron G., Zaas A. et al. Breakthrough invasive candidiasis in patients on micafungin. J Clin Microbiol 2010;48(7):2373—80. DOI:10.1128/JCM.02390-09.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Mehta P., Vinks A., Filipovich A. et al. Alternate-day micafungin antifungal prophylaxis in pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a pharmacokinetic study. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2010;16:1458—62. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2010.05.002.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Markova I.V., Rogacheva Yu.A., Popova M.O. and others. Invasive candidiasis/candidaemia in children after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Voprosy gematologii/ onkologii i immunopatologii v pediatrii = Questions of hematology/oncology and immunopathology in pediatrics 2019;18(2):53—8. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маркова И.В., Рогачева Ю.А., Попова М.О. и др. Инвазивный кандидоз/кандидемия у детей после трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток. Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии 2019;18(2):53—8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Muro M.D., Motta F., Burger M. et al. Echinocandin resistance in two Candida haemulonii isolates from pediatric patients. J Clin Mycol 2012;50(11):3783— 5. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01136-12.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Pappas P., Kauffman C., Andes D. et al. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Candidiasis: 2016 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2016;62(4):e1 — 50. DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ933.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Lai M.Y., Hsu J.F., Chu S.M. et al. Breakthrough candidemia in children: clinical and microbiological characteristics, therapeutic strategies and impact on outcomes. Future Microbiol 2017:695—705. DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2016-0223.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Nucci M., Colombo A.L., Spector N. Breakthrough candidemia in neutropenic patients. Clin Infect Dis 1997;24:275—6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Chong Y., Shimoda S., Yakushiji H. et al. Fatal candidemia caused by azole-resistant Candida tropicalis in patients with hematological malignancies. J Infect Chemother 2012. DOI: 10.1007/s10156-012-0412-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Park M., Park J., Song D. et al. First case of echinocandin-resistant Candida albicans in Korea. Ann Lab Med 2017;37(6):556—8. DOI: 10.3343/alm.2017.37.6.556.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Fraser M., Borman A., Thorn R., Lawrance L. Resistance to echinocan-din antifungal agents in the United Kingdom in clinical isolates of Candida glabrata: Fifteen years of interpretation and assessment. Medical Mycology 2019;0:1—8. DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz053.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Funaki T., Miyairi I. Breakthrough candidemia in children on micafungin. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2018;37(12): 1258—60. DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000002020.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Pasqualotto A.C., Nedel W.L., Machado T.S., Severo L.C. Risk factors and outcome for nosocomial breakthrough candidemia. J Infect 2006;52:216—22. DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2005.04.020.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Breda G., Tuon F., Meis J. et al. Breakthrough candidemia after the introduction of broad spectrum antifungal agents: a 5-year retrospective study. Medical Mycology 2017;0:1 —10. DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx077.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Weinberger M., Leibovici L., Perez S. et al. Characteristics of candidaemia with Candida-albicans compared with nonalbicans Candida species and predictors of mortality. J Hosp Infect 2005;61(2):146 — 54. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2005.02.009.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Krcmery V., Laho L., Huttova M. et al. Aetiology, antifungal susceptibility, risk factors and outcome in 201 fun-gaemic children: data from a 12-year prospective national study from Slovakia. J Med Microbiol 2002;51:110—6. DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-51-2-110.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
