OncohematologyOncohematologyОнкогематология1818-83462413-4023Publishing House ABV Press33610.17650/1818-8346-2019-14-1-60-75BASIC RESEARCHФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ В ПРАКТИЧЕСКОЙ МЕДИЦИНЕ НА СОВРЕМЕННОМ ЭТАПЕBone marrow adipocytes and multiple myelomaАдипоциты костного мозга при множественной миеломеhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5315-4490PhilchenkovA. A.ФильченковA. A.
Ukraine
a.philch@gmail.comR.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of UkraineИнститут экспериментальной патологии, онкологии и радиобиологии им. Р.Е. Кавецкого НАН Украины45 Vasyl’kovskaya St., Kyiv 0302203022 Киев, ул. Васильковская, 451004201914160751004201910042019https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/336

Multiple myeloma originating from clonal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow is one of the most prevalent hematological malignancies worldwide. The pathogenetic mechanisms of multiple myeloma are far from being elucidated. Nevertheless, it is known that the adipocytes as the prevalent cellular component of bone marrow microenvironment contribute significantly to multiple myeloma growth and progression. The review discloses the recent data on the interactions between bone marrow adipocytes and myeloma cells, hematopoietic stem cells, hematopoietic progenitor cells, mesenchimal stem cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, endothelial cells, and cells of immune system. Also, the review places special emphasis on bone marrow adipocyte-produced adipokines, growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and fatty acids providing the conditions for the preferential growth and migration of malignant plasma cells and contributing to hematopoiesis supression, bone tissue resorption, angiogenesis activation and immunosuppression.

Множественная миелома, в основе возникновения которой лежит клональная пролиферация плазматических клеток в костном мозге, занимает одно из ведущих мест в структуре онкогематологических заболеваний. Патогенетические механизмы множественной миеломы пока окончательно не выяснены. Принято считать, что необходимое условие развития и прогрессирования заболевания – взаимодействие неопластических плазматических клеток с элементами костномозгового микроокружения, доминирующим клеточным компонентом которого являются адипоциты. В обзоре приведены новые данные, касающиеся характера и особенностей взаимодействия адипоцитов костного мозга с миеломными клетками, гемопоэтическими стволовыми клетками и клетками-предшественниками, мезенхимальными стволовыми клетками, остеобластами, остеокластами, эндотелиальными клетками и клетками иммунной системы. Особое внимание уделено вырабатываемым адипоцитами костного мозга адипокинам, факторам роста, цитокинам, хемокинам и свободным жирным кислотам, которые в той или иной мере обеспечивают условия для предпочтительного роста и миграции опухолевых плазматических клеток, угнетения гемопоэза, резорбции костной ткани, активации ангиогенеза и формирования иммуносупрессии.

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