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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Oncohematology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Oncohematology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкогематология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8346</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-4023</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">279</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8346-2018-13-1-83-102</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIAGNOSIS OF HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИАГНОСТИКА ГЕМОБЛАСТОЗОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">MINIMAL RESIDUAL DISEASE ASSESMENT IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA BY MULTICOLOUR FLOW CYTOMETRY (LITERATURE REVIEW)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ МИНИМАЛЬНОЙ ОСТАТОЧНОЙ БОЛЕЗНИ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ОСТРЫМИ МИЕЛОИДНЫМИ ЛЕЙКОЗАМИ МЕТОДОМ МНОГОЦВЕТНОЙ ПРОТОЧНОЙ ЦИТОФЛУОРИМЕТРИИ (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6407-0428</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lobanova</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лобанова</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>4 Noviy Zykovskiy proezd, Moscow 125167</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Лобанова <bold>Татьяна Игоревна </bold></bold></p><p><italic>125167 Москва, Новый Зыковский проезд, 4</italic><bold/></p></bio><email>lobanova_tanya@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Galtseva</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гальцева</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>4 Noviy Zykovskiy proezd, Moscow 125167</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>125167 Москва, Новый Зыковский проезд, 4</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Parovichnikova</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Паровичникова</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>4 Noviy Zykovskiy proezd, Moscow 125167</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>125167 Москва, Новый Зыковский проезд, 4</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр гематологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-05-11" publication-format="electronic"><day>11</day><month>05</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>83</fpage><lpage>102</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2018-05-11"><day>11</day><month>05</month><year>2018</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2018-05-11"><day>11</day><month>05</month><year>2018</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/279">https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/279</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have a high risk of relapse. Determination of the presence of residual tumor cells during the remission of AML allows predicting the onset of relapse. Slow decrease of blast cells after induction courses is associated with a high probability of relapse. There are two most sensitive methods for determining minimal residual disease (MRD): molecular (polymerase chain reaction – PCR, droplet digital PCR, next generation sequencing – NGS) and immunophenotypic (multicolor flow cytometry – MFC). Both methods have advantages and disadvantages. The molecular diagnostic method is more sensitive, but it takes more time to get the result (from several days). Measurement of MRD by PCR is applicable in 40–50 % of AML patients, and by MFC – in 90 % of patients. The MFC method is based on the identification of antigens combination that is characteristic of tumor cells and is not found on normal hematopoietic cells. There are several drawbacks of the MFC method: the change of tumor clone immunophenotype during treatment, the inadequate difference in the antigen profiles of tumor cells and normal cells, difficulties in evaluating the MRD status in low cellularity bone marrow or blood sample. In AML patients the effect of MRD, measured by the MFC method, on long-term treatment outcomes was well-demonstrated. Evaluation of early MRD status shows tumor chemosensitivity and therapy efficacy. Despite the different approaches in MRD detection, thresholds and the combination of monoclonal antibodies, the lack of standardization, “positive” MRD values in early or later stages of therapy worsen the disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in AML patients. So far, the principles of MRD-directed therapy have not been developed, but protocols exist with the use of targeted drugs in combination with standard chemotherapy that help to reduce the MRD level. It is proved that the intensification of treatment does not affect the quantitative value of MRD and the long-term results of therapy. New prospective studies are needed to search for universal MRD markers, to create a standardized panel of monoclonal antibodies and to develop a specific therapy strategy in accordance with the MRD values.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Пациенты с острым миелоидным лейкозом (ОМЛ) имеют высокий риск развития рецидива, и определение наличия остаточных опухолевых клеток в период ремиссии позволяет прогнозировать его наступление. С высокой вероятностью развития рецидива также ассоциировано медленное снижение количества бластных клеток после курсов индукции ремиссии. Для диагностики минимальной остаточной болезни (МОБ) используют два наиболее чувствительных метода: молекулярный (полимеразная цепная реакция – ПЦР, капельная цифровая ПЦР, секвенирование нового поколения) и иммунофенотипический (многоцветная проточная цитофлуориметрия – МПЦ), которые имеют как преимущества, так и недостатки. Молекулярный метод более чувствителен, однако для получения результата требуется больше времени (от нескольких дней). Определение МОБ методом ПЦР применимо у 40–50 % пациентов с ОМЛ, а методом МПЦ – у 90 %. Метод МПЦ основан на выявлении сочетания антигенов, характерного для опухолевых клеток и не обнаруживаемого на нормальных гемопоэтических клетках. К недостаткам данного метода можно отнести смену иммунофенотипа опухолевого клона в ходе лечения, недостаточное различие антигенных профилей опухолевых и нормальных клеток, а также трудности в оценке МОБ-статуса при низкой клеточности образца костного мозга или крови. У пациентов с ОМЛ в ходе многочисленных исследований было доказано влияние МОБ, исследованной методом МПЦ, на долгосрочные результаты лечения. Определение МОБ-статуса на раннем сроке позволяет оценить химиочувствительность опухоли и эффективность проводимой терапии. Несмотря на различные подходы в детекции МОБ, ее пороги и сочетания моноклональных антител, отсутствие стандартизации, «положительные» значения на ранних или более поздних этапах терапии ухудшают безрецидивную и общую выживаемость) пациентов с ОМЛ. До сих пор не разработаны принципы МОБ-направленной терапии, однако имеются протоколы по применению таргетных препаратов в сочетании со стандартной химиотерапией, что позволяет существенно снизить показатели МОБ. Доказано, что интенсификация лечения не оказывает влияния на количественное значение МОБ и отдаленные результаты терапии. Необходимы новые проспективные исследования, направленные на поиск универсальных маркеров МОБ, создание стандартизированной панели моноклональных антител и разработку эффективной терапии в соответствии со значениями МОБ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Minimal residual disease</kwd><kwd>hematology</kwd><kwd>chemotherapy</kwd><kwd>relapse</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острый миелоидный лейкоз</kwd><kwd>минимальная остаточная болезнь</kwd><kwd>гематология</kwd><kwd>химиотерапия</kwd><kwd>рецидив</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Büchner T., Hiddemann W., Wörmann B. et al. Double induction strategy for acute myeloid leukemia: the effect of high-dose cytarabine with mitoxantrone instead of standard-dose cytarabine with daunorubicin and 6-thioguanine: a randomized trial by the German AML Cooperative Group. Blood 1999;93(12):4116–24. 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