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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Oncohematology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Oncohematology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкогематология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8346</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-4023</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">259</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8346-2017-12-3-57-62</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BASIC RESEARCH</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ В ПРАКТИЧЕСКОЙ МЕДИЦИНЕ НА СОВРЕМЕННОМ ЭТАПЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">THE USE OF DIRECT ANTIGLOBULIN TEST TO DETECT AUTOANTIBODIES IN PATIENTS WITH ANEMIA OF VARIOUS ORIGINS</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ПРЯМОГО АНТИГЛОБУЛИНОВОГО ТЕСТА ДЛЯ ВЫЯВЛЕНИЯ АУТОАНТИТЕЛ ПРИ АНЕМИЯХ РАЗЛИЧНОГО ГЕНЕЗА</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mineeva</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минеева</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>16 2nd Sovetskay Str., St. Petersburg, 191024</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>191024 Санкт-Петербург, ул. 2-я Советская, 16</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krobinets</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кробинец</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>16 2nd Sovetskay Str., St. Petersburg, 191024</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Ивановна Кробинец.</p><p>191024 Санкт-Петербург, ул. 2-я Советская, 16</p></bio><email>transfusion_spb@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bodrova</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бодрова</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>16 2nd Sovetskay Str., St. Petersburg, 191024</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>191024 Санкт-Петербург, ул. 2-я Советская, 16</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogdanova</surname><given-names>I. O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богданова</surname><given-names>И. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>16 2nd Sovetskay Str., St. Petersburg, 191024</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>191024 Санкт-Петербург, ул. 2-я Советская, 16</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, Federal Medical and Biological Agency</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Российский научно-исследовательский институт гематологии и трансфузиологии Федерального медико-биологического агентства»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-10-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>10</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>57</fpage><lpage>62</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2017-10-25"><day>25</day><month>10</month><year>2017</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2017-10-25"><day>25</day><month>10</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/259">https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/259</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Autoantibodies directed against red blood cells (RBCs) are the main cause of hemolysis in patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and they can also complicate the course of certain diseases. Various methods are used to detect autoantibodies, but most of all, a polyand monospecific direct antiglobulin test (DAT) is applied. The method is based on the detection of immunoglobulins of G, M, A classes and С3 complement components bound with RBCs surfaces. DAT is used to differentiate between immuno-dependent and immuno-independent anemia. Objective of this study was the analysis of DAT results in patients with various diseases accompanied by anemia.</p><p><bold>Materials And Methods</bold>. Blood samples of patients aged between 5 to 90 years with anemia who underwent examination and/or treatment at the Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology of Russian Federal Medical-biological Agency were used as a study material. The results of laboratory testing for the period from 2013 to 2016 were examined and data analysis was performed. The determination of classes of antibodies directed against RBCs was carried out in a direct Coombs reaction using a gel system DiaMed-ID (DiaMed Micro Typing System, Switzerland).</p><p><bold>Results.</bold> The DAT results were positive in patients with AIHA (53 %), paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH, 100 %), cryoglobulinemia (62.5 %), chronic lymphoproliferative diseases (CLPD, 27.5 %), multiple myeloma (MM, 23.6 %), anemia of unknown origin (21.4 %), and other autoimmune diseases (19 %). In blood samples of DAT-positive patients, monospecific IgG or C3 complement components, as well as various combinations of Ig with a complement component: IgG + C3, IgG + IgM + C3, IgM + C3, and IgG + IgA, were detected. In our study, positive DAT result was not always associated with laboratory evidence of hemolysis. Among all DAT-positive patients, signs of hemolysis were observed in 53.2 % of cases. Only in patients with AIHA and PNH hemolysis was observed in 100 % of cases.</p><p><bold>Conclusions</bold>. A positive DAT result is one of the criteria for diagnosing of immune hemolytic anemia, however, it does not always indicate an autoimmune pathogenesis of anemia, the presence of specific autoantibodies, and thus is not always associated with hemolysis. Only a comprehensive assessment of a clinical picture and DAT results makes it possible to diagnose the disease.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Аутоантитела к эритроцитам являются главной причиной гемолиза у пациентов с аутоиммунными гемолитическими          анемиями (АИГА) и могут осложнять течение различных заболеваний. Для выявления аутоантител используют различные методы, но наиболее широко применяемым является прямой антиглобулиновый тест (ПАГТ) – полиили моноспецифический. В основе     метода лежит детекция иммуноглобулинов (Ig) классов G, M, A и компонентов комплемента С3, фиксированных на поверхности                эритроцита. ПАГТ применяют для дифференциальной диагностики анемий на иммунно-зависимые и иммунно-независимые.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – проведение анализа результатов ПАГТ у пациентов с различными заболеваниями, сопровождаемыми анемией.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Материалом для исследования являлись образцы крови пациентов от 5 до 90 лет с анемией, проходивших             обследование и/или лечение в ФГБУ «Российский научно-исследовательский институт гематологии и трансфузиологии Федерального медико-биологического агентства». Были изучены результаты лабораторного тестирования образцов крови за период               2013–2016 гг. и проанализированы полученные данные. Определение классов Ig – антител к антигенам эритроцитов – проводили в прямой реакции Кумбса (R.R. Coombs) с помощью гелевой системы DiaMed-ID (DiaMed Micro Typing System, Швейцария).   </p><p><bold>Результаты. </bold>ПАГТ был положительным у пациентов с АИГА (53 %), пароксизмальной ночной гемоглобинурией (ПНГ) (100 %),   криоглобулинемией (62,5 %), хроническими лимфопролиферативными заболеваниями (ХЛПЗ) (27,5 %), множественными миеломами (23,6 %), анемиями неясного генеза (21,4 %) и прочими аутоиммунными заболеваниями (19 %). В образцах крови пациентов             с положительным результатом ПАГТ были выявлены как моноспецифичные IgG или компоненты комплемента С3, так и различные сочетания Ig с компонентом комплемента: IgG + C3; IgG + IgM + C3; IgM + C3 и IgG + IgА. В нашем исследовании положительный результат ПАГТ не всегда был ассоциирован с гемолизом. Среди всех пациентов с положительным ПАГТ признаки гемолиза наблюдались в 53,2 % случаев, и только у пациентов с АИГА и ПНГ они присутствовали в 100 %.   </p><p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Положительный ПАГТ является одним из критериев для диагностики иммунных гемолитических анемий, однако              не всегда свидетельствует об аутоиммунном патогенезе анемии, наличии специфических аутоантител и, соответственно,           не всегда ассоциирован с гемолизом. Таким образом, только комплексная оценка клинической картины с результатами ПАГТ        позволит провести диагностику заболевания.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>autoantibodies</kwd><kwd>direct antiglobulin test</kwd><kwd>hemolysis</kwd><kwd>complement components</kwd><kwd>autoimmune hemolytic anemia</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аутоантитела</kwd><kwd>прямой антиглобулиновый тест</kwd><kwd>гемолиз</kwd><kwd>компоненты комплемента</kwd><kwd>гемолитическая анемия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1.  Rosse W.F. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Hosp Prac 1985;20(8):105–19.  PMID: 3926784.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosse W.F. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Hosp Prac 1985;20(8):105–19. 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