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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Oncohematology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Oncohematology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкогематология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8346</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-4023</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">234</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8346-2017-12-1-78-87</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RARE DISEASES: DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕДКИЕ БОЛЕЗНИ: ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЛЬНАЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Differential diagnosis of thrombocytopenes</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Дифференциальная диагностика тромбоцитопений</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Melikyan</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меликян</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4A Noviy Zykovsky Proezd, Moscow 125167, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 125167 Москва, Новый Зыковский проезд, 4а</p></bio><email>anoblood@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pustovaya</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пустовая</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4A Noviy Zykovsky Proezd, Moscow 125167, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 125167 Москва, Новый Зыковский проезд, 4а</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Egorova</surname><given-names>E. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егорова</surname><given-names>Е. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4A Noviy Zykovsky Proezd, Moscow 125167, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 125167 Москва, Новый Зыковский проезд, 4а</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калинина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4A Noviy Zykovsky Proezd, Moscow 125167, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 125167 Москва, Новый Зыковский проезд, 4а</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolosheynova</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колошейнова</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4A Noviy Zykovsky Proezd, Moscow 125167, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 125167 Москва, Новый Зыковский проезд, 4а</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Subortseva</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суборцева</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4A Noviy Zykovsky Proezd, Moscow 125167, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 125167 Москва, Новый Зыковский проезд, 4а</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gilyazitdinova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гилязитдинова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4A Noviy Zykovsky Proezd, Moscow 125167, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 125167 Москва, Новый Зыковский проезд, 4а</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dvirnyk</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Двирнык</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4A Noviy Zykovsky Proezd, Moscow 125167, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 125167 Москва, Новый Зыковский проезд, 4а</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Hematological Research Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Гематологический научный центр» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff id="aff2"><institution></institution></aff><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-04-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>04</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>78</fpage><lpage>87</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2017-04-26"><day>26</day><month>04</month><year>2017</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2017-04-26"><day>26</day><month>04</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/234">https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/234</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents a systematic diagnostic approach for thrombocytopenia, as well as the results of practical implementation of thrombocytopenia diagnostic protocol in adult patients. Among 183 patients first admitted to HRC with unspecified origin thrombocytopenia, primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) was established only in 48 % of patients, while in 52 % of cases it was a symptom of another pathology (the ratio was 1 : 1). As a result of re-examination of 118 relapse patients with long-term history of ITP diagnosis was confirmed in 85 % of cases, in 15 % the diagnosis has been changed to a different nosology.The results show that to establish the true causes of thrombocytopenia is necessary to conduct an extensive diagnostic search according to presented protocol.Differential diagnosis between primary immune and secondary thrombocytopenia should be carried out not only in the onset of the disease, but also in the relapse of an earlier established ITP.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье представлен систематизированный диагностический подход при тромбоцитопении, а также результаты внедрения в гематологическую практику протокола дифференциальной диагностики тромбоцитопений у взрослых пациентов.Среди 183 пациентов, впервые обратившихся в ФГБУ ГНЦ по поводу тромбоцитопении неуточненного генеза, диагноз первичной иммунной тромбоцитопении (ИТП) был установлен только у 48 % пациентов, у 52 % тромбоцитопения была симптомом другой патологии (cоотношение составило 1 : 1). В результате повторного обследования 118 пациентов с многолетним анамнезом ИТП при рецидиве заболевания диагноз был подтвержден в 85 % случаев, в 15 % диагноз ИТП был изменен на другую нозологию.Полученные результаты показывают, что для установления истинных причин тромбоцитопении необходимо проведение расширенного диагностического поиска согласно протоколу, представленному в настоящей работе.Дифференциальную диагностику для разграничения первичной иммунной и вторичных тромбоцитопений следует проводить не только в дебюте заболевания, но и при рецидиве уже установленной ранее ИТП.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thrombocytopenia</kwd><kwd>primary immune thrombocytopenia</kwd><kwd>secondary immune thrombocytopenia</kwd><kwd>protocol of thrombocytopenia differential diagnosis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тромбоцитопения, первичная иммунная тромбоцитопения, вторичная иммунная тромбоцитопения, протокол дифференциальной диагностики тромбоцитопении</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Provan D., Stasi R., Newlnd A.C. et al. 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