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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Oncohematology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Oncohematology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкогематология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8346</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-4023</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1100</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8346-2026-21-2-71-79</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEW DIRECTIONS, DIAGNOSTIC OPPORTUNITIES, AND TREATMENT ADVANCES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НОВЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ, ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ДИАГНОСТИКИ И УСПЕХИ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Experience with pegcetacoplan in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and suboptimal response to C5 inhibitor therapy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Опыт применения пэгцетакоплана у пациентов с пароксизмальной ночной гемоглобинурией и субоптимальным ответом на терапию С5-ингибиторами</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3317-5718</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Finyakina</surname><given-names>Maria N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Финякина</surname><given-names>Мария Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>m.finyakina@outlook.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8123-7648</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikulina</surname><given-names>O. F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никулина</surname><given-names>О. Ф.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>m.finyakina@outlook.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8490-6066</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Galtseva</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гальцева</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>m.finyakina@outlook.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mulina</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мулина</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>m.finyakina@outlook.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ochirova</surname><given-names>Z. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Очирова</surname><given-names>З. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>m.finyakina@outlook.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Savintseva</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савинцева</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>m.finyakina@outlook.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8774-850X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лукина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>m.finyakina@outlook.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр гематологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Republican Hospital No. 1 – National Center of Medicine named after M. E. Nikolaev</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГАУ РС(Я) «Республиканская больница № 1 – Национальный центр медицины им. М. Е. Николаева»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Republican Hospital named after P. P. Zhemchuev</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">БУ РК «Республиканская больница им. П. П. Жемчуева»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Clinical Hospital “RZD-Medicine” of the City of Smolensk</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ЧУЗ «Клиническая больница «РЖД-Медицина» г. Смоленск»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>71</fpage><lpage>79</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-05-19"><day>19</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, ABV-press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, АБВ-­пресс</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">АБВ-­пресс</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/about/editorialPolicies</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/1100">https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/1100</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare acquired clonal hematologic disorder whose pathogenesis is primarily driven by the formation of a cell clone (the PNH clone) lacking surface protective glycoproteins (CD55 and CD59), activation of the alternative complement pathway, and complement-mediated destruction of erythrocytes within blood vessels (intravascular hemolysis). This process underlies the main clinical manifestations of PNH – hemolytic anemia and thrombotic complications. The introduction of eculizumab, a C5 complement inhibitor, into clinical practice in 2007, which blocks the mechanism of intravascular hemolysis, revolutionized the course and prognosis of PNH. However, 30–45 % of patients continue to experience anemia and require replacement blood transfusions after 6 months or more of regular C5 inhibitor therapy. It has been established that the most common cause of a suboptimal treatment response is extravascular hemolysis, which is based on opsonization of PNH erythrocytes by C3b complement fragments followed by phagocytosis and degradation of these cells by macrophages in the liver and spleen.</p> <p>To suppress the mechanism of extravascular hemolysis, inhibitors of the proximal complement pathway have been developed, including the C3 inhibitor pegcetacoplan, which was registered in Russia in 2023 under the trade name Empaveli. The drug inhibits the activity of C3 and C3b complement components and thereby blocks the entire complement activation cascade, providing suppression of both intravascular and extravascular hemolysis.</p> <p>This article presents the first Russian experience of treating nine PNH patients with suboptimal response to C5 inhibitor therapy with pegcetacoplan. All nine patients demonstrated an average increase in hemoglobin levels of 25 g / L from baseline, achieving transfusion independence. The article also provides a detailed description of three clinical cases of particular interest.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Пароксизмальная ночная гемоглобинурия (ПНГ) – редкое приобретенное клональное заболевание системы крови. Ключевые звенья его патогенеза: формирование клона клеток (ПНГ-клоны), лишенных поверхностных защитных гликопротеинов (CD55 и CD59), активация альтернативного пути комплемента и комплемент-опосредованное разрушение эритроцитов внутри кровеносных сосудов – внутрисосудистый гемолиз, который лежит в основе главных клинических проявлений ПНГ – гемолитической анемии и тромботических осложнений. Внедрение в клиническую практику ингибитора С5-компонента комплемента экулизумаба (2007), выключающего механизм внутрисосудистого гемолиза, революционно изменило течение и прогноз ПНГ. Вместе с тем у 30–45 % пациентов сохраняются анемия и потребность в заместительных гемотрансфузиях после 6 мес и более регулярной терапии С5-ингибитором. Наиболее частая причина субоптимального ответа на лечение – внесосудистый гемолиз, в основе которого лежит опсонизация ПНГ-эритроцитов С3b-фрагментами комплемента с последующим фагоцитозом и деградацией этих клеток макрофагами печени и селезенки.</p> <p>Для подавления механизма внесосудистого гемолиза разработаны ингибиторы проксимального пути комплемента – С3-ингибиторы, в том числе пэгцетакоплан, который в 2023 г. зарегистрирован в России под торговым наименованием Эмпавели. Препарат подавляет активность С3- и С3b-компонентов комплемента и, соответственно, выключает весь каскад активации комплемента, что обеспечивает подавление как внутрисосудистого, так и внесосудистого гемолиза.</p> <p>В статье приводится первый российский опыт лечения пэгцетакопланом 9 пациентов с ПНГ и субоптимальным ответом на патогенетическую терапию С5-ингибитором. У всех пациентов зафиксировано повышение уровня гемоглобина в среднем на 25 г / л от исходного c достижением гемотрансфузионной независимости. Приведено описание 3 клинических случаев, представляющих особый интерес.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria</kwd><kwd>C5 inhibitor</kwd><kwd>suboptimal response</kwd><kwd>C3 inhibitor</kwd><kwd>pegcetacoplan</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пароксизмальная ночная гемоглобинурия</kwd><kwd>ингибитор С5-компонента</kwd><kwd>субоптимальный ответ</kwd><kwd>С3-ингибитор</kwd><kwd>пэгцетакоплан</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savchenko V.G., Lukina E.A., Mikhaylova E.A. et al. Clinical guidelines for the management of patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Hematologiya i transfuziologiya = Russian Journal of Hematology and Transfusiology 2022;67(3): 426–39. (In Russ.). 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