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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Oncohematology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Oncohematology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкогематология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8346</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-4023</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1058</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8346-2025-20-3-104-119</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SUPPORTIVE THERAPY ASPECTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АСПЕКТЫ ПОДДЕРЖИВАЮЩЕЙ ТЕРАПИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Practice of inflammatory biomarkers for prediction of infectious complications after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Применение биомаркеров воспаления для прогноза инфекционных осложнений после аутологичной трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2940-1823</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dubinina</surname><given-names>Yu. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дубинина</surname><given-names>Ю. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>22 Akademika Pavlova St., Moscow 121552</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>121552 Москва, ул. Академика Павлова, 22</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7164-6595</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sarzhevskiy</surname><given-names>V. O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саржевский</surname><given-names>В. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>70 Nizhnyaya Pervomayskaya St., Moscow 105203</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>105203 Москва, ул. Нижняя Первомайская, 70</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6728-6264</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Melnichenko</surname><given-names>V. Ya.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельниченко</surname><given-names>В. Я.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>70 Nizhnyaya Pervomayskaya St., Moscow 105203</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>105203 Москва, ул. Нижняя Первомайская, 70</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5622-0828</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mochkin</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мочкин</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>70 Nizhnyaya Pervomayskaya St., Moscow 105203</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>105203 Москва, ул. Нижняя Первомайская, 70</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Clinic “K+31 West”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Клиника «К+31 Запад»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical and Surgical Center named after N. I. Pirogov, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медико-хирургический центр им. Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-11" publication-format="electronic"><day>11</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>104</fpage><lpage>119</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-11"><day>11</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-09-11"><day>11</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/1058">https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/1058</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background</bold>. High-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) is a treatment option for hematological diseases, and can lead to severe neutropenia and an increased risk of infectious complications. The term “febrile neutropenia” combines all infectious complications, and fever may be the only sign of infection in this group of patients. Due to this, there is a need for additional diagnostic methods in clinical practice that can predict and diagnose infectious complications in patients after HDCT / auto-HSCT.<bold>Aim</bold>. To evaluate the prognostic significance of inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and presepsin) in the early detection of infectious complications, as well as the capabilities of these biomarkers in the diagnosis of bacteremia in patients with lymphomas and plasma cell neoplasms after HDCT / auto-HSCT.<bold>Materials and methods</bold>. This prospective study included 139 patients with lymphomas and plasma cell neoplasms after HDCT / auto-HSCT. Infectious complications developed in the early post-transplant period in 99 (71.2 %) patients; 40 patients had no infectious complications, they formed the control group. The dynamics of C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and presepsin on day 1, 3 and 7 after stem cell infusion were assessed.<bold>Results</bold>. The median time of fever onset was 5 (1–10) days after transplantation. On day 3, significant differences were observed between the group of infectious complications and the control group in all biomarkers: C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and presepsin were significantly higher in the group of patients with infectious complications. On day 3, procalcitonin demonstrated the highest specificity for infection: with values &gt;0.11 ng / mL, the probability of infectious complications increased by 9 times, and the specificity of the test reached 88.9 %. In 77 patients with febrile neutropenia, microbiological cultures were negative; in 21 patients – bacteremia was detected. None of the biomarkers demonstrated their effectiveness in diagnosing bacteremia: the differences in biomarkers concentration in patients with bacteremia and with sterile cultures were insignificant.<bold>Conclusion</bold>. Monitoring of C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and presepsin can facilitate early detection of infectious complications in patients after HDCT / auto-HSCT. The most significant day for assessing the biomarkers is day 3 after stem cell infusion. Procalcitonin monitoring is recommended for timely detection of patients with a high risk of severe infection and possible preventive antibacterial therapy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. Высокодозная химиотерапия (ВДХТ) в сочетании с аутологичной трансплантацией гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (ауто-ТГСК), являющаяся эффективным методом лечения онкогематологических заболеваний, способна приводить к тяжелой нейтропении и увеличению риска инфекционных осложнений. Термин «фебрильная нейтропения» объединяет инфекционные осложнения у пациентов с агранулоцитозом, а лихорадка может быть единственным признаком инфекции в этой группе больных. В связи с этим в клинической практике возникает необходимость в дополнительных диагностических методах, позволяющих прогнозировать и диагностировать инфекционные осложнения у пациентов после ВДХТ с ауто-ТГСК.<bold>Цель исследования</bold> – оценить прогностическую значимость биомаркеров воспаления (уровни С-реактивного белка, прокальцитонина и пресепсина) в раннем выявлении инфекционных осложнений, а также возможности указанных биомаркеров в диагностике бактериемии у пациентов с лимфомами и плазмоклеточными опухолями после ВДХТ с ауто-ТГСК.Материалы и методы. В проспективное исследование включены 139 пациентов с лимфомами и плазмоклеточными опухолями после ВДХТ с ауто-ТГСК. У 99 (71,2 %) пациентов в раннем посттрансплантационном периоде развились инфекционные осложнения; у 40 (28,8 %) пациентов инфекционных осложнений не выявлено, они составили группу контроля. Проводили оценку динамики уровней С-реактивного белка, прокальцитонина и пресепсина на 1, 3 и 7‑й дни после инфузии стволовых клеток.<bold>Результаты</bold>. Медиана времени развития лихорадки составила 5 (1–10) дней после трансплантации. На 3‑й день отмечены значимые различия между группой инфекционных осложнений и группой контроля по всем 3 маркерам. Уровни С-реактивного белка, прокальцитонина и пресепсина были значимо выше в группе пациентов с инфекционными осложнениями. На 3‑й день прокальцитонин продемонстрировал наибольшую специфичность в отношении инфекции: при значениях &gt;0,11 нг / мл вероятность развития инфекционных осложнений возрастала в 9 раз, а специфичность теста достигала 88,9 %. У 77 пациентов с фебрильной нейтропенией микробиологические посевы не дали роста, у 21 пациента выявлена бактериемия. Ни один из биомаркеров не продемонстрировал эффективности в диагностике бактериемии: различия концентрации биомаркеров у пациентов с бактериемией и стерильными посевами были незначимы.<bold>Заключение</bold>. Анализ динамики уровней С-реактивного белка, прокальцитонина и пресепсина может способствовать ранней диагностике инфекционных осложнений у пациентов после ВДХТ с ауто-ТГСК. Наиболее значимым для оценки показателей является 3‑й день после инфузии стволовых клеток. Рекомендован мониторинг уровня прокальцитонина для своевременного выявления пациентов с высоким риском тяжелой инфекции и возможного превентивного начала антибактериальной терапии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>high-dose chemotherapy</kwd><kwd>autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation</kwd><kwd>lymphoma</kwd><kwd>plasma cell neoplasm</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>высокодозная химиотерапия</kwd><kwd>аутологичная трансплантация кроветворных стволовых клеток</kwd><kwd>лимфома</kwd><kwd>плазмоклеточная миелома</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Passweg J.R., Baldomero H., Ciceri F. et al. Hematopoietic cell transplantation and cellular therapies in Europe 2022. CAR-T activity continues to grow; transplant activity has slowed: a report from the EBMT. Bone Marrow Transplant 2024;59(6):803–12. 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