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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Oncohematology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Oncohematology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкогематология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8346</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-4023</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1053</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8346-2025-20-3-60-68</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CURRENT BASIC RESEARCH IN HEMATOLOGY AND PRACTICAL MEDICINE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ В ОНКОГЕМАТОЛОГИИ И ПРАКТИЧЕСКОЙ МЕДИЦИНЕ НА СОВРЕМЕННОМ ЭТАПЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Clinical and pharmacogenetics factors as therapeutic predictors in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клинические и фармакогенетические факторы, определяющие исходы терапии при остром лимфобластном лейкозе у детей</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0050-0721</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gurieva</surname><given-names>O. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гурьева</surname><given-names>О. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oksana Dmitrievna Gurieva</p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оксана Дмитриевна Гурьева</p><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p></bio><email>swimmer96ok@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1469-2365</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Valiev</surname><given-names>T. T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Валиев</surname><given-names>Т. Т.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 1</p><p>Build. 2, 8 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991</p><p>Build. 1, 2 / 1 Barrikadnaya St., Moscow 125993</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p><p>119991 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2</p><p>125993 Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2 / 1, стр. 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2373-2250</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Savelyeva</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савельева</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5 Revolutsionnaya St., Yaroslavl 150000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>150000 Ярославль, ул. Революционная, 5</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6131-1783</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Varfolomeeva</surname><given-names>S. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Варфоломеева</surname><given-names>С. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И. М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Yaroslavl State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Ярославский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-11" publication-format="electronic"><day>11</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>60</fpage><lpage>68</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-11"><day>11</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-09-11"><day>11</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/1053">https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/1053</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background</bold>. Current protocols for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are multicomponent, risk-adapted regimens in which high-dose (1–5 g / m2) methotrexate (MTX) is central. This drug has led to high long-term survival rates in children with ALL. Predicting the efficacy of the treatment given to further increase survival with minimization of toxic complications determines the relevance of pharmacogenetic studies to identify predictive biomarkers, implementing the personalized approach, which is essential for the development of modern practical medicine.<bold>Aim</bold>. To identify predictors of ALL therapy outcomes using pharmacogenetic biomarkers and clinical data.<bold>Materials and methods</bold>. A prospective analysis of pediatric ALL treatment outcomes was performed in a single-center observational (cohort) study. The analysis included 124 ALL patients who were treated according to the modern BFM (Berlin–Frankfurt–Munster) protocols with high-dose MTX. Treatment outcomes were compared with genetic polymorphisms of the ABCB1 gene, which is responsible for drug clearance (including MTX). Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to study ABCB1 gene polymorphisms in peripheral blood. Statistical analysis of the influence of pharmacogenetic biomarkers was performed using SPSS Statistics 26.0 program (USA). To construct prognostic models, we used the method of logistic function construction by binary logistic regression with stepwise selection of factors and, if necessary, additional construction of ROC-curves with subsequent ROC-analysis. Differences were considered significant at p &lt;0.05; at p ≥0.05, differences were considered unlikely and not statistically significant.<bold>Results</bold>. According to the conducted complex analysis of high-dose MTX therapy efficacy and safety, 3 reliable (p &lt;0.001) prognostic models with high sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency (&gt;70 %) were developed, demonstrating interrelations of clinical and genetic factors influencing adverse outcomes of MTX therapy in children with ALL, which confirms the necessity of pharmacogenetic testing implementation in real clinical practice. Conclusion. Determination of polymorphisms of genes involved in transport and metabolism of cytostatic drugs should be introduced into clinical practice in order to further increase patient survival rates while reducing adverse effects of antitumor treatment.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. Cовременные протоколы терапии острого лимфобластного лейкоза (ОЛЛ) у детей являются многокомпонентными, риск-адаптированными; центральное место в них занимает метотрексат (МТХ), вводимый в высоких дозах (1–5 г / м2). Благодаря этому препарату удалось достичь высоких показателей многолетней выживаемости детей с ОЛЛ. Прогнозирование эффективности проводимого лечения в целях дальнейшего повышения выживаемости с минимизацией токсических осложнений определяет актуальность фармакогенетических исследований для выявления предиктивных биомаркеров, реализуя принцип персонализированного подхода, что имеет существенное значение для развития современной практической медицины.<bold>Цель исследования</bold> – определить предикторы исходов терапии ОЛЛ с использованием фармакогенетических биомаркеров и клинических данных.<bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. Проведен проспективный анализ результатов лечения ОЛЛ у детей в рамках наблюдательного (когортного) одноцентрового исследования. В анализ включены 124 пациента с диагнозом ОЛЛ, получавших терапию по современным протоколам группы BFM (Berlin–Frankfurt–Munster) c использованием высокодозного МТХ. Результаты терапии сопоставлены с генетическими полиморфизмами гена ABCB1, ответственного за выведение лекарственных веществ (в том числе МТХ). Для исследования полиморфизмов гена ABCB1 использован метод полимеразной цепной реакции в режиме реального времени; материал исследования – периферическая кровь. Статистический анализ влияния фармакогенетических биомаркеров проводили с использованием программы SPSS Statistics 26.0 (США). Для формирования прогностических моделей применяли метод построения логистической функции с помощью бинарной логистической регрессии с пошаговым отбором факторов и проведением при необходимости дополнительного построения ROC-кривых с последующим ROC-анализом. Статистически значимыми считали различия при р &lt;0,05; при р ≥0,05 различия считали маловероятными и статистически незначимыми.<bold>Результаты</bold>. По результатам проведенного комплексного анализа эффективности и безопасности терапии высокодозным МТХ разработаны 3 статистически значимые (р &lt;0,001) прогностические модели с высокой чувствительностью, специфичностью и эффективностью (&gt;70 %), демонстрирующие взаимосвязи клинических и генетических факторов, влияющих на неблагоприятные исходы терапии МТХ у детей с ОЛЛ, что подтверждает необходимость внедрения фармакогенетического тестирования в реальную клиническую практику.<bold>Заключение</bold>. Определение полиморфизмов генов, обеспечивающих транспорт и метаболизм цитостатиков, необходимо внедрять в клиническую практику для дальнейшего повышения показателей выживаемости пациентов при одновременном снижении неблагоприятных последствий противоопухолевого лечения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ABCB1 gene polymorphism</kwd><kwd>methotrexate</kwd><kwd>acute lymphoblastic leukemia</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>полиморфизм гена ABCB1</kwd><kwd>метотрексат</kwd><kwd>острый лимфобластный лейкоз</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was financially supported by the Ministry of Health of Russia. The subject of the state assignment “New pharmacogenetic markers of the pharmacotherapy safety of some socially significant diseases” (EGISU NIOCTR No. 1022050400012-9).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено при финансовой поддержке Минздрава России в рамках государственного задания «Новые фармакогенетические маркеры безопасности фармакотерапии некоторых социально значимых заболеваний» (ЕГИСУ НИОКТР № 1022050400012-9).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. Samardžić-Predojević J., Đurđević-Banjac B., Malčić-Zanić D. Influence of minimal residual disease at day 15 of induction therapy on survival of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Acta Med Acad 2023;52(3):153–60. DOI: 10.5644/ama2006-124.427</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Samardžić-Predojević J., Đurđević-Banjac B., Malčić-Zanić D. 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