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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Oncohematology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Oncohematology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкогематология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8346</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-4023</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1028</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8346-2025-20-2-37-52</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEW DIRECTIONS, DIAGNOSTIC OPPORTUNITIES, AND TREATMENT ADVANCES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НОВЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ, ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ДИАГНОСТИКИ И УСПЕХИ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Genetic features of indolent and advanced forms of systemic mastocytosis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Генетические особенности вялотекущих и агрессивных форм системного мастоцитоза</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1384-1621</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shikhbabaeva</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шихбабаева</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dzhariyat Ismailovna Shikhbabaeva </p><p>5 2 nd Botkinskiy Proezd, Moscow 125284 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Джарият Исмаиловна Шихбабаева </p><p>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 5, корп. 17 </p></bio><email>djeri.shih@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3669-0141</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinogradova</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виноградова</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5 2 nd Botkinskiy Proezd, Moscow 125284 </p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117198 </p><p>1 Ostrovityanova St., Moscow 117513 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 5, корп. 17 </p><p>117998 Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p><p>117513 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7542-9272</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kobzev</surname><given-names>Yu. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кобзев</surname><given-names>Ю. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5 2 nd Botkinskiy Proezd, Moscow 125284 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 5, корп. 17 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9524-7070</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Neverova</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Неверова</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5 2 nd Botkinskiy Proezd, Moscow 125284 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 5, корп. 17 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6019-8704</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malakho</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малахо</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5 2 nd Botkinskiy Proezd, Moscow 125284 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 5, корп. 17 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Molitvina</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Молитвина</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5 2 nd Botkinskiy Proezd, Moscow 125284 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 5, корп. 17 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5658-9729</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pankrashkina</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панкрашкина</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5 2 nd Botkinskiy Proezd, Moscow 125284 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 5, корп. 17 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7869-209X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernikov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черников</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5 2 nd Botkinskiy Proezd, Moscow 125284 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 5, корп. 17 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9368-6050</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ptushkin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Птушкин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5 2 nd Botkinskiy Proezd, Moscow 125284 </p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117198 </p><p>1 Ostrovityanova St., Moscow 117513 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д, 5, корп. 17 </p><p>117998 Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p><p>117513 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Botkin Hospital, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ г. Москвы «Московский многопрофильный научно-клинический центр им. С.П. Боткина» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Botkin Hospital, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ г. Москвы «Московский многопрофильный научно-клинический центр им. С. П. Боткина» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-05-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-05-20"><day>20</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-05-20"><day>20</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/1028">https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/1028</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> Mastocytosis is a group of diseases characterized by tumor proliferation of mast cells and their accumulation in organs and tissues, including skin, hematopoietic organs (bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes), and the gastrointestinal tract, which is clinically manifested by symptoms of mast cell activation and organ infiltration in the form of hepatosplenomegaly, portal hypertension, ascites, and cytopenia. Of the greatest scientific and clinical interest is systemic mastocytosis (SM), where indolent (indolent SM, smoldering SM, SM with isolated bone marrow involvement) and advanced forms (aggressive SM, SM with associated hematological neoplasm and mast cell leukemia) are distinguished. The SM clinical course is extremely heterogeneous and diverse. Patients differ significantly from each other both in clinical manifestations and in the aggressiveness of the disease. Currently, there are no clear pathogenetic explanations for such a variety of clinical manifestations. More than 80 % of SM patients have the KITD816V mutation, and more than 50 other mutations in the <italic>KIT</italic> gene have been described. Additional mutations not associated with the KIT gene are being identified, which likely determine the SM clinical diversity. One of the directions that may help to understand the SM heterogeneity is an extended study of SM genetic characteristics using next-generation sequencing (NGS).</p><p><bold>Aim.</bold> To study the genetic features and differences between indolent and advanced SM forms.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> The data of 27 SM patients (11 (41 %) men and 16 (59 %) women), observed at the Moscow City Hematology Center of the Botkin’s Hospital, were analyzed. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 – patients with advanced SM variants, group 2 – patients with indolent SM variants. NGS was performed in all patients using the Illumina Myeloid Panel, which includes 40 genes.</p><p><bold>Results.</bold> As a result of the NGS study of 27 patients, mutations of unfavorable clinical significance were found in 18 genes: <italic>CBL, CALR, JAK2, MPL, ASXL1, EZH2, NF1, SETBP1, DNMT3A, SF3B1, SRSF2, ABL1, RUNX, SH2B3, STAG2, TET2, KIT, PHF6</italic>. The frequency of additional mutations (non-driver) in the total group was as follows: <italic>TET2</italic> – 37 %, <italic>SRSF2</italic> – 22 %, <italic>DNMT3A/STAG2</italic> – 19 % each, <italic>CBL</italic> – 11 %, <italic>SF3B1/NF1/PHF6</italic> – 7 % each, <italic>ASXL1/EZH2/RUNX/SH2B3/ABL1</italic> – 3.5 % each. In group 1 additional mutations of unfavorable clinical significance were detected in 13 (93 %) of 14 patients. In group 2 additional mutations of unfavorable clinical significance were detected in only 3 (23 %) of 13 patients. No additional mutations of adverse clinical significance were found in any of patients with indolent SM variants.</p><p><bold>Conclusion</bold>. The results of this study suggest that additional mutations of unfavorable clinical significance determine a more aggressive SM course. In patients with SM, NGS helps in diagnosis and prognosis of the disease course.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. Мастоцитоз – группа заболеваний, характеризующаяся опухолевой пролиферацией тучных клеток и их накоплением в органах и тканях, включая кожу, органы кроветворения (костный мозг, селезенка, лимфатические узлы), желудочно-кишечный тракт, что клинически проявляется симптомами активации тучных клеток и инфильтрацией органов в виде гепатоспленомегалии, портальной гипертензии, асцита, цитопений. Наибольший научный и клинический интерес представляет системный мастоцитоз (СМ), в котором выделяют вялотекущие (индолентный, тлеющий, СМ с изолированным поражением костного мозга) и продвинутые формы (агрессивный, СМ с ассоциированным гематологическим новообразованием и тучноклеточный лейкоз). клиническое течение СМ крайне гетерогенно и многообразно. пациенты значимо отличаются друг от друга как по симптоматике, так и по агрессивности течения заболевания. Нет однозначных патогенетических объяснений такого многообразия клинических проявлений. Более чем у 80 % пациентов с СМ обнаруживается мутация KITd816V, а также описано более 50 других мутаций в гене <italic>KIT</italic>. Выявляются дополнительные мутации, не связанные с геном KIT, которые, вероятно, и определяют то клиническое разнообразие, которое присуще СМ. Одно из направлений, которое, вероятно, поможет разобраться в гетерогенности СМ, – расширенное изучение генетических характеристик СМ с помощью секвенирования нового поколения (next-generation sequencing, NGS).</p><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – изучить генетические особенности и различия вялотекущих и агрессивных форм СМ.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> проанализированы данные 27 пациентов (11 (41 %) мужчин и 16 (59 %) женщин) с СМ, наблюдавшихся в Московском городском гематологическом центре ММНКЦ им. С.П. Боткина. пациенты разделены на 2 группы: 1-я – с продвинутыми вариантами СМ; 2-я – с вялотекущими вариантами СМ. Всем пациентам выполнено NGS с использованием панели Illumina Myeloid Panel, включающей 40 генов.</p><p><bold>Результаты.</bold> В результате проведенного NGS-исследования 27 пациентов мутации неблагоприятного клинического значения обнаружены в 18 генах: <italic>CBL, CALR, JAK2, MPL, ASXL1, EZH2, NF1, SETBP1, DNMT3A, SF3B1, SRSF2, ABL1, RUNX, SH2B3, STAG2, TET2, KIT, PHF6</italic>. Частота выявления дополнительных (недрайверных) мутаций в общей группе: <italic>TET2</italic> – 37 %, <italic>SRSF2</italic> – 22 %, <italic>DNMT3A/STAG2</italic> – по 19 %, <italic>CBL</italic> – 11 %, <italic>SF3B1/NF1/PHF6</italic> – по 7 %, <italic>ASXL1/EZH2/RUNX/SH2B3/ABL1</italic> – по 3,5 %. В группе 1 дополнительные мутации неблагоприятного клинического значения обнаружены у 13 (93 %) из 14 пациентов; в группе 2 – у 3 (23 %) из 13. Ни у одного из пациентов с индолентным СМ дополнительных мутаций неблагоприятного клинического значения не выявлено.</p><p><bold>Заключение.</bold> результаты настоящего исследования позволяют предположить, что дополнительные мутации неблагоприятного клинического значения определяют более агрессивное течение СМ. проведение NGS-исследования пациентам с СМ помогает в диагностике заболевания и прогнозировании его течения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>systemic mastocytosis</kwd><kwd>aggressive systemic mastocytosis</kwd><kwd>indolent systemic mastocytosis</kwd><kwd>next-generation sequencing</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>системный мастоцитоз</kwd><kwd>агрессивный системный мастоцитоз</kwd><kwd>вялотекущий системный мастоцитоз</kwd><kwd>NGS-исследование</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was prepared based on the results of research carried out at the expense of budgetary funds on the state assignment of the Botkin Hospital, Moscow Healthcare Department.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена по результатам исследований, выполненных за счет бюджетных средств по государственному заданию ГБУЗ г. 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