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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Oncohematology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Oncohematology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкогематология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8346</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-4023</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1006</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8346-2025-20-1-73-79</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEW DIRECTIONS, DIAGNOSTIC OPPORTUNITIES, AND TREATMENT ADVANCES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НОВЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ, ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ДИАГНОСТИКИ И УСПЕХИ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Ocular involvement in pediatric patients with acute leukemia relapse: points of diagnosis and treatment</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Поражения глаз при рецидиве острого лейкоза у детей: особенности диагностики и лечения</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8297-3629</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Radzhabova</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Раджабова</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galimat Abdulkhalikovna Radzhabova</p><p>125993; Build. 1, 2 / 1 Barrikadnaya St.; Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галимат Абдулхаликовна Раджабова</p><p>125993; ул. Баррикадная, 2 / 1, стр. 1; Москва</p></bio><email>galimatradjabova2001@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7523-069X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mashchyts</surname><given-names>V. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мащиц</surname><given-names>В. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>223053; 43 Frunzenskaya St.; Minsk Region; Borovlyany</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>223053; ул. Фрунзенская, 43; Минский район; д. Боровляны</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1875-9176</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Naumenko</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Науменко</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>223040; Minsk Region; Lesnoy </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>223040; Минский район; агрогородок Лесной</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1469-2365</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Valiev</surname><given-names>T. T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Валиев</surname><given-names>Т. Т.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>125993; Build. 1, 2 / 1 Barrikadnaya St.; 155522; 24 Kashirskoe Shosse; 119991; Build. 2, 8 Trubetskaya St.; Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125993; ул. Баррикадная, 2 / 1, стр. 1; 155522; Каширское шоссе, 24; 119991; ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2; Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Children’s Oncology, Hematology and Immunology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГУ «Республиканский научно-практический центр детской онкологии, гематологии и иммунологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Alexandrov Republican Research and Practical Center for Oncology and Medical Radiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГУ «Республиканский научно-практический центр онкологии и медицинской радиологии им. Н. Н. Александрова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И. М. Сеченова Минздрава России&#13;
(Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-03-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>73</fpage><lpage>79</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-03-20"><day>20</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-03-20"><day>20</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/1006">https://oncohematology.abvpress.ru/ongm/article/view/1006</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   In consequence of the development of modern chemotherapy protocols, the prognosis for children with acute leukemia(AL) has significantly improved, which has allowed achieving high survival rates. However, despite these achievements, relapses and refractory course of AL are not uncommon. Extramedullary relapses with the kidneys, gonads, soft tissues, central nervous system and eyes involvement are especially difficult to diagnose. Clinical manifestations of eye involvement in AL can be represented by decreased vision, swelling of the optic disc, exophthalmos, due to infiltration of the optic nerve and intraorbital tissues by leukemic blasts. The alertness of pediatric oncologists and ophthalmologists regarding the possibility of AL relapses with eye localization should determine the scope of examination, including MRI, retinal camera examination, spinal tap and morphological and immunological verification of the pathological process. unfortunately, intraocular AL relapses currently often have an extremely poor prognosis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>   С развитием современной химиотерапии прогноз для детей с острым лейкозом (ОЛ) существенно улучшился, что позволило достичь высоких показателей выживаемости. Однако, несмотря на эти достижения, рецидивы и рефрактерное течение ОЛ не являются редкостью. Особенную сложность в диагностике вызывают экстрамедуллярные рецидивы с поражением почек, гонад, мягких тканей, центральной нервной системы и глаз. Клинические проявления поражения глаз при ОЛ могут быть представлены снижением зрения, отеком диска зрительного нерва, экзофтальмом в результате инфильтрации зрительного нерва и интраорбитальных тканей лейкемическими бластными клетками. Настороженность детских онкологов, офтальмологов в отношении возможности развития рецидивов ОЛ с поражением глаз должна диктовать объем обследования, включающий магнитно‑резонансную томографию, осмотр на ретинальной камере, проведение спинномозговой пункции и морфоиммунологическую верификацию патологического процесса. К сожалению, в настоящее время интраокулярные рецидивы ОЛ часто имеют крайне неблагоприятный прогноз.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute myeloid leukemia</kwd><kwd>acute lymphoblastic leukemia</kwd><kwd>intraocular relapse</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острый миелоидный лейкоз</kwd><kwd>острый лимфобластный лейкоз</kwd><kwd>интраокулярный рецидив</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was performed without external funding</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена без спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Mohammadian­Hafshejani A., Farber I.M., Kheiri S. Global incidence and mortality of childhood leukemia and its relationship with the Human Development Index. PLoS One 2024;19(7):e0304354. 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