COVID-19 in patients with acute leukemia: 3 years' experience of pandemic

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Abstract

Patients with acute leukemia are one of the most vulnerable risk groups for infection with SARS-CoV-2 and severe course of coronavirus infection. During the first 2 years of the pandemic, the mortality rate of patients with acute leukemia was 11-48 %, depending on leukemia type, and only reached population levels in 2022. Risk factors for severe COVID-19 in patients with acute leukemia are old age, concomitant cardiac pathology, metabolic syndrome, and the absence of acute leukemia remission. Chemotherapy administered one month before hospitalization with COVID-19 diagnosis showed statistical significance in influencing hospital mortality only in the group of patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Despite this, the international medical community has recommended delaying the start of chemotherapy until clinical symptoms of coronavirus infection have completely resolved and a negative test result for SARS-CoV-2 has been obtained for all types of leukemia. Currently, the most optimal tactic is to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection by vaccinating patients with acute leukemia receiving antitumor treatment. If the immunological response to vaccination is insufficient, it is possible to use virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies as a safe and effective method of primary prevention of COVID-19.

About the authors

T. S. Chudnova

City Clinical Hospital No. 52, Moscow Healthcare Department; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)

Author for correspondence.
Email: chudnova.t.s@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8012-1640

Tatiana S. Chudnova.

3 Pekhotnaya St., Moscow 123182; Build. 2, 8 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991

Russian Federation

E. N. Misyurina

City Clinical Hospital No. 52, Moscow Healthcare Department; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)

ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2419-4850

3 Pekhotnaya St., Moscow 123182; Build. 2, 8 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991

Russian Federation

E. A. Baryakh

City Clinical Hospital No. 52, Moscow Healthcare Department; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University); Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia; N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia

ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6880-9269

3 Pekhotnaya St., Moscow 123182; Build. 2, 8 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991; Build. 1, 2 / 1 Barrikadnaya St., Moscow 125993; 1 Ostrovityanova St., Moscow 117997

Russian Federation

T. N. Tolstykh

City Clinical Hospital No. 52, Moscow Healthcare Department; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)

ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7308-0927

3 Pekhotnaya St., Moscow 123182; Build. 2, 8 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991

Russian Federation

L. T. Shimanovskaya

City Clinical Hospital No. 52, Moscow Healthcare Department

ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9401-7991

3 Pekhotnaya St., Moscow 123182

Russian Federation

D. E. Gagloeva

City Clinical Hospital No. 52, Moscow Healthcare Department; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)

ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6254-5362

3 Pekhotnaya St., Moscow 123182; Build. 2, 8 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991

Russian Federation

E. I. Zhelnova

City Clinical Hospital No. 52, Moscow Healthcare Department

ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0343-9348

3 Pekhotnaya St., Moscow 123182

Russian Federation

A. B. Makeshova

City Clinical Hospital No. 52, Moscow Healthcare Department; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)

ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0414-2554

3 Pekhotnaya St., Moscow 123182; Build. 2, 8 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991

Russian Federation

K. V. Yatskov

City Clinical Hospital No. 52, Moscow Healthcare Department

ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0125-9068

3 Pekhotnaya St., Moscow 123182

Russian Federation

E. N. Zotina

City Clinical Hospital No. 52, Moscow Healthcare Department; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)

ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9692-2541

3 Pekhotnaya St., Moscow 123182; Build. 2, 8 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991

Russian Federation

D. D. Ivanova

City Clinical Hospital No. 52, Moscow Healthcare Department

ORCID iD: 0009-0004-3632-9198

3 Pekhotnaya St., Moscow 123182

Russian Federation

M. A. Mingalimov

City Clinical Hospital No. 52, Moscow Healthcare Department; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)

ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8491-2140

3 Pekhotnaya St., Moscow 123182; Build. 2, 8 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991

Russian Federation

O. L. Kochneva

City Clinical Hospital No. 52, Moscow Healthcare Department

ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1338-8203

3 Pekhotnaya St., Moscow 123182

Russian Federation

E. Yu. Grishina

City Clinical Hospital No. 52, Moscow Healthcare Department

ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9104-1216

3 Pekhotnaya St., Moscow 123182

Russian Federation

Yu. Yu. Polyakov

City Clinical Hospital No. 52, Moscow Healthcare Department; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)

ORCID iD: 0009-0007-8389-6269

3 Pekhotnaya St., Moscow 123182; Build. 2, 8 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991

Russian Federation

V. N. Yakimets

City Clinical Hospital No. 52, Moscow Healthcare Department

ORCID iD: 0009-0006-4736-0187

3 Pekhotnaya St., Moscow 123182

Russian Federation

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