Ocular involvement in pediatric patients with acute leukemia relapse: points of diagnosis and treatment

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Abstract

   In consequence of the development of modern chemotherapy protocols, the prognosis for children with acute leukemia(AL) has significantly improved, which has allowed achieving high survival rates. However, despite these achievements, relapses and refractory course of AL are not uncommon. Extramedullary relapses with the kidneys, gonads, soft tissues, central nervous system and eyes involvement are especially difficult to diagnose. Clinical manifestations of eye involvement in AL can be represented by decreased vision, swelling of the optic disc, exophthalmos, due to infiltration of the optic nerve and intraorbital tissues by leukemic blasts. The alertness of pediatric oncologists and ophthalmologists regarding the possibility of AL relapses with eye localization should determine the scope of examination, including MRI, retinal camera examination, spinal tap and morphological and immunological verification of the pathological process. unfortunately, intraocular AL relapses currently often have an extremely poor prognosis.

About the authors

G. A. Radzhabova

Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia

Author for correspondence.
Email: galimatradjabova2001@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-8297-3629

Galimat Abdulkhalikovna Radzhabova

125993; Build. 1, 2 / 1 Barrikadnaya St.; Moscow

Russian Federation

V. D. Mashchyts

Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Children’s Oncology, Hematology and Immunology

ORCID iD: 0009-0005-7523-069X

223053; 43 Frunzenskaya St.; Minsk Region; Borovlyany

Belarus

L. V. Naumenko

N.N. Alexandrov Republican Research and Practical Center for Oncology and Medical Radiology

ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1875-9176

223040; Minsk Region; Lesnoy 

Belarus

T. T. Valiev

Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia; N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)

ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1469-2365

125993; Build. 1, 2 / 1 Barrikadnaya St.; 155522; 24 Kashirskoe Shosse; 119991; Build. 2, 8 Trubetskaya St.; Moscow

Russian Federation

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СМИ зарегистрировано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор).
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